‘Then’ as one of conjunctions, has many usages in Arabic language. Since one of its usages is in the religious texts and the Holy Quran so that its different usages effect on the style, meaning, and concepts, and also, due to the sensitivity and significance of the Holy Quran, understanding the exact meaning of this conjunction, i.e. ‘then’, and studying its various stat...

theories of semantic fields are the most valuable topics of semantics in linguistic researches. this concept refers to the set of words which are the subset of a general meaning connected through special relations. in fact, semantics is the summary of words’ relations with each other. therefore, this study aims to investigate semantic fields in nahj al-fasaha, to explain relations among words i...

artificial immune systems (ais) can be defined as soft computing systems inspired by immune system of vertebrates. immune system is an adaptive pattern recognition system. ais have been used in pattern recognition, machine learning, optimization and clustering. feature reduction refers to the problem of selecting those input features that are most predictive of a given outcome; a problem encoun...

the implication of transposition in the structure of positive and negative sentences has been studied from the point of abd al-qāhir al-jurjānī's view in present essay. transposition is a rhetorical subject being discussed in generative-transformative grammar. jurjānī believed that words set in order in a sentence on the basis of their meanings, and emphasized that if the order of words in...

Here the relationship between understanding and knowledge of meaning is discussed from two different perspectives: that of Dummettian semantic anti-realism and that of the semantic externalism of Putnam and others. The question addressed is whether or not the truth of semantic externalism would undermine a central premise in one of Dummetts key arguments for anti-realism, insofar as Dummetts pr...

Lexical semantics is the study of word meaning. The semantic web is a vision of what the web could be if it would foremost consist of knowledge (structured data) rather than text or other unstructured data as it is today. This talk is about the future of word meaning if the semantic web becomes a reality. First, I will therefore briefly clarify what the semantic web vision consists of, followed...

The collection of methods by which human languages convey meaning is called meaning structure of a language. It includes many conventional form-meaning associations, word-order regularities, tense systems, conjunctions and quantifiers, and a fundamental predicate-argument structure. In the Dravidian language, Malayalam, the Karaka theory, is useful for both the syntax analysis and semantic anal...

Semantic information is often represented as the entities and the relationships among them with conventional semantic models. This approach is straightforward but is not suitable for many posteriori requests in semantic data modeling. In this paper, we propose a meaningoriented approach to modeling semantic data and establish a graph-based semantic data model. In this approach we use the meanin...

Semantic Social Software – the combination of social software and Semantic Web technology – has recently been gaining significant attention in the Semantic Web community. This article first discusses the two different perspectives the research community takes on “Semantic Social Software”, namely the “Semantically Enabled Social Software” – meaning social software enhanced by semantics, and the...