We analyze customer’s brand choice of promotion effects on a High-tier brand and Low-tier brand products along dimensions of price and quality. Our empirical findings are based on a self-administered survey of some big grocery chain stores in one major city (Shanghai) in China between August 2006 to August 2008. The article raises a note of caution about promotion asymmetry effect and show that...

Hotel industry of Pakistan has contributed significantly to Pakistan’s national revenue. The current study focuses on measuring two dimensions of customer-based-brand-equity i.e. brand loyalty and brand image, and, factors of perceived value of the visitors in Pakistan’s hotel industry. Brands are valuable assets that add economic and strategic value for its proprietors which can be achieved th...

All brands have status and status has an impact; yet little attention has been paid to the impact of brand status on consumer brand assessments, this study addresses this limitation. This study investigated perceived brand status’ impact on overall brand value across two product categories, finding that perceived brand status’ impact was stronger on overall brand value when the status of the br...

Transformer networks are able to capture patterns in data coming from many domains (text, images, videos, proteins, etc.) with little or no change architecture components. We perform a theoretical analysis of the core component responsible for signal propagation between elements, i.e. self-attention matrix. ask following question: Can matrix approximate arbitrary patterns? How small is query di...

Background: The purpose of this paper was to explore the impact of brand variables such as brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand attachment, and perceived brand quality on compulsive buying behavior. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, containing demographic items and items related to compulsive buying, brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand attachment and perceived quality, was used to ...

Developed to address the challenges of the social web, this study aims to determine how consumers’ involvement in user-generated content (UGC) affects brand equity. The formation and testing of a conceptual model addresses a gap in the literature by exploring links between UGC, involvement and consumer-based brand equity. Based on previous research complemented by depth interviews with experts,...

Marketers value and seek brand loyalty. Consequently, they have developed a variety of strategies to encourage both behavioral (repeat purchase) and attitudinal (emotional) loyalty among customers. A recent concept has emerged related to the latter goal: brand engagement. Although marketers give a variety of definitions for brand engagement, the essential concept is an emotional attachment to a...

BACKGROUND Consumers are hesitant in choosing generic medications as they are under the assumption that they are not as safe nor effective as brand medications. However, pharmacists do have the education and training to know that this is not the case. The aim of this study was to determine pharmacists' preference of generic versus brand over-the-counter (OTC) medication for their personal use a...