Sampling is the process of collecting, analysing, and interpreting data in order to test hypotheses and provide needed information for intelligent decisions. Sampling is an attractive alternative to complete enumeration. Instead of measuring or recording all members of a population of interest, one concentrates on a representative proportion, objectively selected, to estimate desired characteri...

This paper describes a method for asking statistical questions about a large text corpus. We exemplify the method by addressing the question, "What percentage of Federal Register documents are real documents, of possible interest to a text researcher or analyst?" We estimate an answer to this question by evaluating 200 documents selected from a corpus of 45,820 Federal Register documents. Strat...

The possibility that researchers should be able to obtain data from all cases is questionable. There a need; therefore, this article provides probability and non-probability sampling. In paper we studied the differences similarities of two with approach more fritter away time, cost sufficient energy required throughout sample observed. pair shows between them, different articles were reviewed c...

Much attention has been given to sampling design, and the sampling method chosen directly affects the sampling accuracy. The development of spatial sampling theory has lead to the recognition of the importance of taking spatial dependency into account when sampling. This text uses the new Sandwich Spatial Sampling and Inference (SSSI) software as a tool to compare the relative error, coefficien...

We consider the problem of adaptive stratified sampling for Monte Carlo integration of a noisy function, given a finite budget n of noisy evaluations to the function. We tackle in this paper the problem of adapting to the function at the same time the number of samples into each stratum and the partition itself. More precisely, it is interesting to refine the partition of the domain in area whe...

We propose some ratio-type variance estimators using ratio estimators for the population mean in literature. We obtain mean square error (MSE) equations of proposed estimators and show that proposed estimators are more efficient than the traditional ratio estimator, suggested by [C.T. Isaki, Variance estimation using auxiliary information, Journal of the American Statistical Association 78 (198...

In medical, data mining method can be utilized by the physicians to improve clinical diagnosis. In this paper a stratified approach named Correlation Feature Selection Stratified Sampling (CFS-SS) has been introduced. This method is applied to medical diagnosis heart disease risk prediction system. By using this proposed system the attributes are grouped together into homogenous sub groups, bef...

concurrently, organizations must respond effectively to social expectations and moral law and to achieve success in all areas and by respecting professional ethics adopt an appropriate procedure to achieve these expectations align with organizational goals to facilitates promotion of social accountability and realization of higher goals. in this study, we have formulated a framework by reviewin...