Chinese ways of dealing with seeming contradictions result in a dialectical or compromise approach— retaining basic elements of opposing perspectives by seeking a “middle way.” European-American ways, on the other hand, deriving from a lay version of Aristotelian logic, result in a differentiation model that polarizes contradictory perspectives in an effort to determine which fact or position i...

Human and artificial negotiators must exchange information to find efficient negotiated agreements, but malicious actors could use deception to gain unfair advantage. The misrepresentation game is a game-theoretic formulation of how deceptive actors could gain disproportionate rewards while seeming honest and fair. Previous research proposed a solution to this game but this required restrictive...

"The fact of revelation is its content."1 [1] This sentence, whose seeming terseness is rivaled only, perhaps, by the famous opening line of Order and History: "The order of history is the history of its order,"2 [2] is a highly particularized symbolization of human participation in a divine Beyond. It is a symbolization whose differentiation is cloaked under the guise of an admirable degree of...