Tissue engineering has been developed as a new approach in regenerating tissues and organs using cells and scaffolds. An important element in successful tissue engineering in vitro is a suitable bioreactor system (Freed and Vunjak-Novakovic 1997). In general, some types of bioreactors have been used for cell culture on polymer scaffolds, namely spinner flasks, rotating vessels, and perfusion sy...

Rice in the U.S. is frequently seeded at low rates and treated before sowing with neonicotinoid or anthranilic diamide insecticides to target the rice water weevil. A previous study of the influence of seeding rate on rice water weevil densities showed an inverse relationship between seeding rates and immature weevil densities. This study investigated interactive effects of seeding rate and see...

BACKGROUND Tissue engineering with cell seeded biodegradable material has attracted attention as a novel means of treating the severely impaired heart. Here, we consider optimal preparation of a durable biograft using dynamic and static cultures. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from the rat aorta were seeded onto biodegradable material P (LA/CL) (poly-L-lactide-ε-caprolac...

In Experiment 1, five adult female impala were fitted with harnesses that restrained oral self-grooming of the anterior part of the body. At the same time, six cohoused female impala were fitted with control harnesses that allowed normal oral grooming. The impala were allowed to habituate to the harnesses for 10 days, and both groups were then exposed to larval ticks (Boophilus decoloratus) by ...

In northern Laos, rapid population growth and government policies to reduce the area under slash-and-burn systems have resulted in increased cropping intensity, which has increased weed pressure and reduced yields of upland rice. Promising alternative cropping systems include the use of weed-suppressing and multi-purpose legumes as short-term fallow crops. In this study, Stylosanthes guianensis...

In direct seeding systems, soil strength variability and crop residues increase the difficulty of seeding operation. Especially when trying to achieve uniform seeding depth that will result in reliable seed germination and plant emergence. An advanced improvement has been accomplished using direct seeding systems. However, some problems still exist in soil-machine interaction due to various rea...

Seeding strategies have a major influence on the success of viral marketing campaigns, but previous studies using computer simulations and analytical models produced conflicting recommendations about the optimal seeding strategy. We therefore compare four different seeding strategies in two complementary small-scale field experiments as well as in one real-life viral marketing campaign that inv...

This paper presents an efficient hybrid method, namely fuzzy particleswarm optimization (FPSO) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithms, to solve the fuzzyclustering problem, especially for large sizes. When the problem becomes large, theFCM algorithm may result in uneven distribution of data, making it difficult to findan optimal solution in reasonable amount of time. The PSO algorithm does find ago...

The effects of some crystallisation conditions on the formation of orthorhombic paracetamol from ethanolic solution are examined when seeding technique is applied under fixed agitation (700 rpm) and harvesting time (30 min). Three equally spaced levels were used for initial concentration, C(I) (30 +/- 4% w/v), for seeding temperature, T(S) (7 +/- 7 degrees C) and for cooling temperature, T(C) (...

Protein crystals obtained in initial screens typically require optimization before they are of X-ray diffraction quality. Seeding is one such optimization method. In classical seeding experiments, the seed crystals are put into new, albeit similar, conditions. The past decade has seen the emergence of an alternative seeding strategy: microseed matrix screening (MMS). In this strategy, the seed ...