The flux of cells from germinated cysts is critical in the population dynamics of many dinoflagellates. Here, data from a large-scale cyst survey are combined with surveys in other years to yield an Alexandrium fundyense cyst distribution map for the Gulf of Maine that is massive in geographic extent and cyst abundance. The benthic cyst population extends nearly 500 km alongshore. Embedded with...

Alexandrium minutum blooms generally occur in semi-enclosed sites such as estuaries, harbours and lagoons, where enhanced stratification, restricted circulation accumulation of resting cysts the sediment set suitable habitat conditions for proliferation this paralytic shellfish poisoning toxigenic species. In Galician Rías Baixas (NW Iberian Peninsula), according to weekly time-series between 1...

Providing high quality seedlings for use in forestry applications is one of the main challenges faced by forest nurseries, and it depends on practices used such facilities. For instance, controlled experiments have shown that seedling growth affected soils’ physical condition, which turn rather difficult to manipulate equipment used; this raises question whether changing operational procedures ...

The destruction of natural forest is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, settlement and for the agricultural expansion over last few decades, and studies for their recovery need to be undertaken. With this aim, this comparative study was designed to see the effects of deforested soil on germination and growth performance of five different tree species. In the experiment, five spe...

Balsam poplar seeds are short-lived and require moist seedbeds soon after they are released to germinate. In addition to sexual reproduction, balsam poplar stands can regenerate clonally by root suckering. The origin of stands will in turn affect their genetic structure and root system architecture, which are poorly understood for upland forest stands. Three stands were hydraulically excavated ...

Agricultural development in Indonesia still depends on ideas and practices taken from outside or international agency. By the less successful integrated pest management encouraged by FAO, imperfection of organic rice farming (ORF) is one stretch has same water flow with conventional farming, it could be probably contaminated chemical residue, therefore, agricultural based local wisdom can a val...

Barley-based cropping systems (BCS) alter barley production by influencing weed infestation rates and soil nutrient dynamics. This two-year field study evaluated the interactive effects of five BCS control strategies (WCS) on properties growth yield barley. Barley was planted in different systems, i.e., fallow-barley (FB), maize-barley (MaB), cotton-barley (CB), mungbean-barley (MuB) sorghum-ba...

In southern pine seedbeds, weed control relies on the use of diphenylether herbicides (oxyfluorfen, lactofen) and selective grass herbicides (sethoxydim and fluzifop-p-butyl). A number of nurseries use a polymer to stabilize the soil after sowing. This helps keep the herbicide barrier intact and extends the preemergence activity. Weekly postemergence applications of low rates are common and hav...

The purpose of this investigation was to find patterns (if any) that exist when comparing the dominant plant organisms atop nurse logs in two 12’x13’ quadrats along the Marsh Loop and Suspension Bridge trails at IslandWood. The intent of this investigation was to elucidate why certain plants grow on decaying wood. Two locations were chosen in the temperate second-growth forest at IslandWood. Tw...