Central cholinergic circuits of human brain can be tested non-invasively by coupling electrical peripheral stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. The short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) is reduced in cholinergic forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, while it is normal in non-cholinergic forms of dementia, such...

introduction integrated weed management is based on combination of several management methods, while reducing the rate of the use of herbicides, will result in efficient management and sustainable weed control. ability of crop tolerance and prevent weed growth are two important traits in weed competition. an appropriate and suitable cultivar, has high yield potential in the presence of weed and...

BACKGROUND The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory's administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV). METHOD This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety...

Even though the specific surface area (SSA) and the snow area index (SAI) of snow are crucial variables to determine the chemical and climatic impact of the snow cover, few data are available on the subject. We propose here a novel method to measure snow SSA and SAI. It is based on the measurement of the hemispherical infrared reflectance of snow samples using the DUFISSS instrument (DUal Frequ...

Frequency and severity of droughts were projected to increase in many regions. However, their effects of temporal dynamics on the terrestrial carbon cycle remain uncertain, and hence deserve further investigation. In this paper, the droughts that occurred in China during 2001-2010 were identified by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Standardized anomaly index (SAI), which has be...

The aim . To analyze the role of spine adipose index (SAI) in predicting risk septic spondylodiscitis after lumbar percutaneous laser disk decompression (PLDD). Material and methods A retrospective observational single-center study was performed. Various clinical instrumental parameters have been studied, including index, which are potential factors for development postprocedural spondylodiscit...

A seed is an intricate structure. Of the two development processes involved in seed formation, seed maturation, or seed program includes accumulation of storage products, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, and induction of dormancy. Little is known about how these processes were originated and integrated into the life cycle of seed plants. While previous investigation on seed origin was almo...

OBJECTIVE Adrenal crisis (AC) is a life-threatening complication of adrenal insufficiency (AI). Here, we evaluated frequency, causes and risk factors of AC in patients with chronic AI. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 883 patients with AI were contacted by mail. Five-hundred and twenty-six patients agreed to participate and received a disease-specific questionnaire. RESULTS Four-hundred ...

with due attention to the conditions of climate in beyranshahr (lorestan). and for controlling about fair recommend , date of planting , also determining about the fair way of adornment , of planting , in other words , accumulation of desired crucible in hectare unit for  k.s.c 647 digit . this plan based on the way split factorial in the model of random blocks, four repeat, in village of golla...