Patterns of microbial distribution represent the integrated effects of historical and biological processes and are thus a central issue in ecology. However, there is still active debate on whether dispersal limitation contributes to microbial diversification in strongly connected systems. In this study, sediment samples were collected along a transect representing a variety of seawater pollutio...

: The weight-of-evidence approach to the development of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) was modified to support the derivation of biological effects-based SQGs for Florida coastal waters. Numerical SQGs were derived for 34 substances, including nine trace metals, 13 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three groups of PAHs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven pestici...

Sediments in estuaries are of important environmental concern because they may act as pollution sinks and sources to the overlying water body. These sediments can be accumulated by benthic organisms. This study assessed the mutagenic potential of sediment extracts from the Yangtze River estuary by using the Ames fluctuation assay with the Salmonella typhimurium his (-) strain TA98 (frameshift m...

better understanding and recognizing the amount of cultural development in iranian provinces and comparing them, causes a particular attention and helps to recognize their weaknesses, strengths, potentialities and deficiencies. the purpose of this paper is to analyze cultural development indicators in iran. the writers of this article present an applied research and use a comparative method. us...

This three year study compared the decay of the commonly used faecal indicator organisms Escherichia coli, enterococci and coliphage in coastal water and sediment using laboratory based microcosms with that for the pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and S. derby. Results from the laboratory study were validated with in-situ decay rates of faecal coliforms observed at a recreational coastal site f...

the dominant traditional view to designing drainage systems explains drainage goals only in terms of crop yield increase and rhizosphere improvement while ignoring the environmental impacts of drainage projects. nowadays, this view has been changed into a new one in which both environmental and agricultural purposes are taken into consideration. depth and spacing of subsoil drains are important...

In a watershed, sediment arises due to the erosion and some factors such as pastures destruction,change users, no reasonable cultivation. That causes problems such as sedimentation in reservoirs andreduces their useful volume, reducing water quality in agricultural consumption; reduce the efficiencyof hydraulic structures and some other environmental problems. Changes in sediment load in a rive...

Five rigid graphite plates were embedded in evenly divided sections of sediment, ranging from 2 cm (A1) to 10 cm (A5) below the top sediment layer. The maximum power and current of the MFCs increased in depth order; however, despite the increase in the internal resistance, the power and current density of the A5 MFC were 2.2 and 3.5 times higher, respectively, than those of the A1 MFC. In addit...

INTRODUCTION Controversy still surrounds the use of drains after total knee replacement (TKR). We compared closed suction drains, reinfusion drains and no drains by studying haemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood transfusion requirements and functional knee outcome scores in a single surgeon series. METHODS A total of 102 consecutive primary TKRs were performed by the senior author between September ...