Application-layer tunnels nowadays represent a significant security threat for any network protected by firewalls and Application Layer Gateways. The encapsulation of protocols subject to security policies such as peer-to-peer, e-mail, chat and others into protocols that are deemed as safe or necessary, such as HTTP, SSH or even DNS, can bypass any network-boundary security policy, even those b...

Health care-related costs have been the focus of intense scrutiny in politics and in the media. However, public perception of physician reimbursement is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine patient perception of physician reimbursement for 2 common hand surgery procedures: carpal tunnel release and open reduction and internal fixation of a distal radius fracture. Anonym...

Researchers have independently documented the effects of land use on rivers and threats to river management institutions, but the relationship between changes in institutional context and river condition is not well described. This study assesses the connections between resource management institutions, land use, and rivers by integrating social science, geospatial analysis, and geomorphology. ...

The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) includes submodels to simulate soil erosion by wind, roughness degradation and residue decomposition. These WEPS submodels were tested using data measured on a 600 m by 415 m farmer’s field, planted with winter wheat, near Burlington, Colorado, USA. Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) samplers were used to measure wind blown sediment flux and automated devic...

The opencut tunnel is a kind of linear arch construction and new sand-prevention structure. In order to clarify the wind-proof mechanism tunnel, this paper seeks answer question whether Lin–Ce railway will be buried. paper, wind experiment combined with field investigation testing used systematically study sand resistance in an it verified burial possible. results show that airflow greater than...

Lake Muzzano (455950N 85541E, 337m a.s.l.) is a hyper-eutrophied lake located in the Tessin region of Switzerland. Almost every year, algal blooms (Microcystis) cover the lake with a thickness of 1–2 cm. These blooms associated with periods of anoxia in summer have led to fish kills in 1967 and 1994. In the hope of avoiding these blooms, a bypass bringing water away from the lake has been estab...

Wind erosion is known to be a gradual process of soil degradation on arable lands. Poultry manure fertilization common practice improve physical, chemical and biological properties, thus an essential part maintain fertility. Shortly after incorporation, poultry particles are loosely adjacent without any bonding. This supposedly affects the susceptibility soils wind influence physical compositio...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to 1) establish whether the atrial flutter (AFL) inducible acutely occurs spontaneously in a chronic canine model, and 2) characterize any reentrant circuits present chronically. BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated, in an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation, that the lateral tunnel suture line creates a sufficient electrophysiologic substrate for...

Concentrated seabed deposits of polymetallic nodules, which are rich in economically valuable metals (e.g., copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese), occur over vast areas of the abyssal Pacific Ocean floor. Little is currently known about the diversity of microorganisms inhabiting abyssal habitats. In this study, sediment, nodule, and water column samples were collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Z...