Clonidine has sedative and analgesic properties. Randomized studies examining these properties in mechanically ventilated ICU patients are scarce. This study was designed to assess the impact of clonidine on sedative agent use in mechanically ventilated patients. In a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study in a general ICU of a university medical center in Tehran, Iran,...

Background: Consideration of current medications and their interactions as a source new onset oculomotor dysfunction is imperative for providing good eye care. Medication etiology should be particularly suspected when the symptoms begin with initiation medication resolved discontinuation same medication. Case Reports: Presented are two cases demonstrating that it prudent to aware capable induci...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the sedative load and use of sedative and psychotropic medications among older people with dementia living in (residential) care homes. METHODS Medication data were collected at baseline and at two further time-points for eligible residents of six care homes participating in the EVIDEM-End Of Life (EOL) study for whom medication administ...

Anticholinergic and sedative medications are commonly used in older adults and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The Drug Burden Index was developed to measure the cumulative exposure to these medications in older adults and its impact on physical and cognitive function. This narrative review discusses the research and clinical applications of the Drug Burden Index, and its advanta...

OBJECTIVE The main objective of this systematic literature review is to identify the safest and most effective sedative drugs so as to ensure successful sedation with as few complications as possible. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature review of the PubMed MEDLINE database was carried out using the key words "conscious sedation," "drugs," and "dentistry." A total of 1,827 scientific article...

Positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors (GAMs) acting at specific subtypes of GABAA receptors effectively restore compromised spinal pain control in rodents. Studies addressing a similar antihyperalgesic effect in humans are sparse and are hampered by sedative effects of nonselective GAMs available for use in humans. We present results from a randomized controlled double-blind crossov...

High-affinity extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors are persistently activated by the low ambient GABA levels that are known to be present in extracellular space. The resulting tonic conductance generates a form of shunting inhibition that is capable of altering cellular and network behavior. It has been suggested that this tonic inhibition will be enhanced by neurosteroids, antiepileptics, and sedat...

The present study of college students investigated (a) the prevalence of nonmedical use of three classes of prescription drugs (stimulants, anxiolytics/sedatives, analgesics), (b) the prevalence of negative sexual events (NSE) associated with any nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), and (c) a set of correlates of NSE. The specific NSE were sexual aggression victimization and perpetrati...

INTRODUCTION Insomnia is a condition that affects nearly everyone at some point in life. Up to 40% of American adults have intermittent insomnia, and 10% to 15% have a chronic sleep problem.1 The main presentation of insomnia is difficulty with either falling asleep or maintaining sleep throughout the night. Complaints of insomnia tend to increase with age. Elderly people report trouble falling...

This article applies methods of latent class analysis (LCA) to data on lifetime illicit drug use in order to determine whether qualitatively distinct classes of illicit drug users can be identified. Self-report data on lifetime illicit drug use (cannabis, stimulants, hallucinogens, sedatives, inhalants, cocaine, opioids and solvents) collected from a sample of 6265 Australian twins (average age...