Nepal is highly vulnerable to global climate change, despite its negligible emission of global greenhouse gases. The vulnerable climate-sensitive sectors identified in Nepal's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change 2010 include agriculture, forestry, water, energy, public health, urbanization and infrastructure, and climate-induced disasters. In addition, analyses carr...

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in the atmosphere, especially in the polluted troposphere. Its photolysis after sunrise is an important source of hydroxyl free radicals (OH). Measurements of nitrous acid and other pollutants were carried out in the Kathmandu urban atmosphere during January–February 2003, contributing to the sparse knowledge of nitrous acid in South Asia. The result...

Research by economists suggests that recent Mexican migrants are better educated and have higher socioeconomic status (SES) than previous migrants. Because factors associated with higher SES and improved education can lead to positive secular changes in overall body form, secular changes in the craniofacial complex were analyzed within a recent migrant group from Mexico. The Mexican group repre...

The eccentricity evolution of multiple planet systems can provide valuable constraints on planet formation models. Unfortunately, the inevitable uncertainties in the current orbital elements can lead to significant ambiguities in the nature of the secular evolution. Integrating any single set of orbital elements inadequately describes the full range of secular evolutions consistent with current...

Nepal is among the least developed countries in Asia, and 80% of the population live in rural areas. Hygiene and sanitation are generally poor in Nepal with 36% of the people practicing defecation in fields or bushes. A structured survey was conducted from June to September 2012 at the five sites of Tikapur Municipality and four surrounding Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Kailali, far-...

The development of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) course in Nepal is recounted. From the stage of having a single medical college to the stage of having ten is documented. The role that the Nepal Medical Council (NMC) has played in the development of medical education in Nepal has been adequately described. Comparison of the MBBS course that the three universities are r...

We read with great interest the article by Hisham AlJadhey et al1 regarding the major challenges facing pharmacovigilance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We have been associated with pharmacovigilance in Nepal for many years. The first author was involved with the establishment and the operation of 2 regional pharmacovigilance centers in the country, and the second author is the chief pha...

(isolate RND19188), even though she had no distinct symptoms of cholera. The source of infection for the woman and child was unclear but was assumed to be related to eating fruit rinsed in tap water while in the city of Vrindavan in India. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on high-quality orthologous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (hqSNPs) among 75 V. cholerae genomes showed that ...

H IV/AIDS has reached alarming proportions in Southeast Asia [1]. The magnitude of the epidemic is projected to exceed that of sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century [2]. More than 7 million South Asians are currently infected with HIV [3], nearly 5 million of whom are in India [3]. Nepal has had a comparatively lower prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. Seasona...