Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism have a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The term 'renal osteodystrophy' has recently been replaced by 'CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)', which includes abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism and vascular calcification. The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therap...

Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides affect the mobility of contaminants in the environment by providing reactive surfaces for sorption. This includes the toxic metal cadmium (Cd), which prevails in agricultural soils and is taken up by crops. Fe(III)-reducing bacteria can mobilize such contaminants by Fe(III) mineral dissolution or immobilize them by sorption to or coprecipitation with secondary Fe mineral...

[1] A unified tropospheric chemistry-aerosol model has been developed within the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM). The model includes a detailed simulation of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry as well as aerosols and aerosol precursors. Predicted aerosol species include sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary ...

The I–Xe chronometer is based upon decay of now-extinct I where the ratio of accumulated daughter Xe to stable I reflects the iodine isotopic ratio at closure of the host mineral. Since none of the parent remains, I–Xe is by nature a relative chronometer but, when referenced by a standard mineral of known age, the I–Xe system becomes an absolute chronometer reflecting true closure times. Most i...

Voluminous literature on the subject of enamel mineralization has been reviewed and published recently.1. 2 Therefore, the author will not attempt to cite again the numerous individual contributions of the many investigators in this area. An evaluation of the past studies leads the reader to the conclusion that at least two general concepts of enamel mineralization have been developed and appea...

Osteoporosis in laying hens has been a production and welfare concern for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether differing opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing influences long-term bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. A secondary objective was to assess whether differing opportunities for exercise in adult housing systems alters bone qualit...

Since the Mars Science Laboratory’s (MSL), Curiosity Rover began its exploration of Yellowknife Bay in Gale Crater, it has discovered an array of basaltic and secondary mineral assemblages representative of deposition in environments ranging from aeolian sand dunes to habitable lacustrine settings. Recently, the molecular analysis of ChemCam data has shown that fluorine has been detected in mul...

OBJECTIVE To assess the value of monitoring response to bisphosphonate treatment by means of measuring bone mineral density. DESIGN Secondary analysis of trial data using mixed models. Data source The Fracture Intervention Trial, a randomised controlled trial that compared the effects of alendronate and placebo in 6459 postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density recruited between May 1...