The ability of neck muscles to react in time to mitigate whiplash injury in unaware occupants remains unclear. A validated head-neck computer model was implemented to determine the effect of reflexive contraction on capsular ligament elongations in whiplash. Contraction parameters were chosen for the maximum kinematic effect. Contraction decreased segmental angulations less than 10% during the ...

A method to study ligament-length patterns in situ with roentgen-stereophotogrammetry, using strings of glued tantalum markers, was developed. The method was tested against a bone-to-bone marking method in five carpal ligaments in three specimens, whereby the hand was moved through dorsopalmar flexion and radioulnar deviation. The "glued-string" marking method was found to be superior to the bo...

The cricothyroid artery typically originates as a branch of the superior thyroid artery and courses medially to reach the median cricothyroid ligament. Anatomical variations of this pattern are not well documented in the literature. We present a case in which the left cricothyroid artery originated from the left superior thyroid artery near the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and cours...

BACKGROUND An in-depth understanding of the nuances of facial anatomy is the best means of preventing complications during facelift surgery. An appreciation of the operative details is complicated not only by the complexity of the anatomy but also by the variability in the nomenclature used. OBJECTIVES The authors have attempted to clarify these issues by detailing the relationships of the li...

The defi nition of Lisfranc’s joint is the articulation between the bases of the metatarsals and the cuneiforms medially and the cuboid laterally. Unlike the lesser metatarsals, the fi rst and second metatarsals are not anchored to each other with an intermetatarsal ligament; rather, they are connected indirectly via Lisfranc’s ligament. Lisfranc’s ligament connects the lateral aspect of the me...

BACKGROUND Here we report the first autopsied case involving pathological examination after two resections of symptomatic ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament with anterior osteophytes and etidronate treatment with more than 8 years of follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Japanese man complained of severe dysphagia due to esophageal compression by ossification of his anter...

the present article is intended to recognize the insight value of (hadaegh al-sehr fi daghaegh al-sher) written by allama rashid-e-din vatvatt,in addition to acknowledging his inovative methods and imitative techniques as far as explanation an interpretation of rhetoric arrays are concernd. this valuable piece of work proceeds the book entitled “tarjomman al.balaghat” by radowani,as the second ...