There are several possible approaches to the measurement of the population gene-frequency for colour blindness, and each approach has its particular advantages and disadvantages. The first is the direct approach of a population survey and especially, since the disease is commoner in males, a measurement of its incidence in men. In the event of full penetrance and ascertainment of the XY genotyp...

MANY studies have been made of the changes of refraction of the eye during infancy and childhood, but little is known of the changes in the individual components of total refraction. Such changes must be of considerable magnitude to compensate for the axial elongation of the globe during growth, for the refraction of the adult eye with its longer axis differs but little from that seen in early ...

There is a long history of corneal refractive surgery. Leonardo Da Vinci in 1508 said the theory of refractive errors. The first systematic analysis of the nature and results of refractive errors came from Francis Cornelius Donders. His classic treatise, “On the anomalies of accommodation and refraction of the eye”, outlined the fundamental principles of physiological optics. Ironically, in thi...

THIS paper describes a relatively simple clinical test devised to estimate the facility of outflow of aqueous from an eye while external pressure is being applied to the globe; such a test is obviously of value in the investigation of cases of glaucoma. The fact that it is possible to reduce the tension in the eye by massage has been known for many years, and interest in the subject was revived...

J Stein Friedenwald, the son and grandson of ophthalmologists, was born in Baltimore in 1897. He attended Johns Hopkins Medical School, graduating in 1920. After medical internship, he spent 1 year studying ophthalmic pathology with Fredrich Verhoeff (Harvard), had a 1-year preceptorship with George de Schweinitz (Philadelphia), and then began practice without further training. He seemed not to...

© 2016 Journal of ophthalmic and Vision research | published by Wolters KluWer ‐ medKnoW Sir, Hyperosmotic and loop diuretics are commonly administered for acute reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP); however, their use is often associated with electrolyte abnormalities. Vaptans, a new group of vasopressin receptor antagonists, induce electrolyte‐free water excretion through the kidneys (aqua...