OBJECTIVE To determine mechanisms contributing to decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations associated with hydrogenated fat intake, kinetic studies of apoA-I, apoB-100, and apoB-48 were conducted using stable isotopes. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women were provided in rand...

Background: Co-supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) with saturated FAs may decrease the adverse effects of saturated FA-induced lipotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) on palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid) induced lipotoxicity criteria in the primary culture of adult rat cardiomyocytes. Methods: Ce...

Acute elevations of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Prolonged elevations of FFA levels reportedly impair GSIS, but no one has previously compared GSIS after prolonged exposure to saturated or unsaturated fat. Rats received a low-fat diet (Low-Fat) or one enriched with either saturated (Lard) or unsaturated fat (Soy) for 4 weeks. Insulin r...

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), which trigger pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Only long-chain saturated NEFAs induced lipotoxicity in rat insulin-producing cells in in vitro experiments, whereas unsaturated NEFAs were not toxic. Some unsaturated NEFAs even protected against lipotoxicity. In former ...

Background: This study was carried out to determine the oil content and of fatty acids in stem, leave and seed of halophyte plant (Suaeda vermiculata ) locally called “Tahma” growing along the shorelines of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr Province. Material and Methods: The total oil and fatty acid contents of leaves, stem and root were extracted in n-hexane using Soxhlet and the fatty acid composi...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are under suspicion to mediate β-cell dysfunction and β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. Whereas saturated fatty acids show a strong cytotoxic effect upon insulin-producing cells, unsaturated fatty acids are not toxic and can even prevent toxicity. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative...

background: co-supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids (fas) with saturated fas may decrease the adverse effects of saturated fa-induced lipotoxicity. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) on palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid) induced lipotoxicity criteria in the primary culture of adult rat cardiomyocytes. methods: cells...

Saturated carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and esters, are basic building blocks for the synthesis of organic molecules and materials. Reactions with carbonyl compounds as substrates primarily occur at the carbonyl carbon atom (as an electrophilic center) or the a-carbon atom (as a prenucleophile). In organocatalysis, several powerful approaches have been developed for the asymmetric funct...