from 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...

In Late Antiquity Arabia, under the Byzantine and Sassanid states, there are many decentralized nomadic or sedentary tribal political structures in addition to centralized organizations. There constant conflicts wars between tribes. reasons for their such as booty, blood feud, revenge, border violations. All these relative multiplicity of show that inter-tribal a form life pre-Islamic period. T...

the critique of architecture has always followed architects and those involved in this field and is in fact quite indispensable from it. therefore before going around asking why it is so, it seems appropriate to ask ourselves the how. conceding to the fact that the ultimate goal in the critique of architecture is to discover a specific style with which to think about architecture, the main ques...

According to Architecture curriculum, the History of Islamic Architecture Introduction is the only course in architecture curriculum in Architecture Faculties that is about Islamic architecture. The overall objectives of the course are: familiarity with the concept of Islamic architecture, understanding spatial characteristics and special qualities of this type of architecture, being familiar w...

This paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three Vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. The paper is composed in two main sections. The first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...

islam is regarded to pay attention to the characteristics of urban life which can be practiced on the urban settings. not surprisingly, islam has made a great focus on the form and design of cities and prescribed detailed and elaborate regulations for individual and communal life. seen from other way round, the penetration of islam into various regions such as iran, europe, and africa had an un...