hospitals have a long history throughout the history of medicine. first hospitals are originated from persia in ancient times in the sassanid dynasty (2nd to 6th century ad). after the advent of islam in persia (iran) in 637 ad, medical knowledge and also hospitals were ourished and advanced by persian scholars. shiraz azodi hospital and university was one of the important hospitals in persia....

one of the chapters in the history of iranian music is the place and significance of the musical instrument called oud. this instrument, initially named “barbat”, emerged during the sassanid dynasty. generally known under the name “oud” in islamic era, it became grepopular in islamic countries. in iran, this instrument enjoyed great importance until the fall of the safavid dynasty. from the ear...

some of the iranian artworks during the 10th-14th centuries have been illustrated by narrative scenes showing a cavalier archer king in the hunting ground of gazelles; while a tiny lyre playing girl sat back him. according to shāhnāma-i-fērdowsī and haft peykar-i- nizami ganjavi, such scenes narrate the story of sassanid king bahram-i- gūr and āzāda, his lyre player servant girl. it should be n...

futuwwa is an arabic word meaning ‘javanmard’ in persian and ‘fata’ is literally a young man. from its meaning we envisage him as a person who has reached to the apogee of him life or the perfection in his life. according to the available evidences and in comparison to mihr creed, it is considered that chivalry was prevalent in the pre- islamic iran. drinking a cup of saltwater is similar to mi...

hellenism is a part of iran’s historical period. this era starts with the devastating onslaught of alexander, the macedonian warlord. our historical sources introduce alexander with a collection of mythic-historical features which make us visualize the real alexander with an ambiguous image. the conflicting viewpoints of eastern and western historical works in pre-islamic periods can be the rea...

since the evidence for direct maritime trade between the sassanid empire and china is exiguous, it has often been asserted that there was no direct sea commerce between these two countries. scholars claim that there is nothing to prove direct chinese sailings to iran before islam and say that direct sea commerce between them was occurred during early islamic period. based on the historical, arc...

ethics of ancient iran has always been formed one of the most interesting topics for iranian studies. because of the importance of religion in the sassanid's period, the iranian ethics gained great importance and a number of ethical works were developed. andarz and andarzgoy traditions are among the prevalent ethical styles of this period. in the field of ancient iran andarz-nameha the sub...

background: in this paper, paleoparasitological findings from rodent excrements ob-tained from chehrabad salt mine archeological site located in northwest of iran are demonstrated and discussed. methods : chehrabad salt mine archeological site located in northwest of iran, dated to the achaemenid (mid 1st mill. bce) and to sassanid (3rd cent. - 7th cent. ce) period, is a unique study area to in...

buddhist temples in balkh and the portrait of buddha on sassanid coins imply buddhism’s spread to khorāsān, one of the originating places of sufism. contiguity and frequent travels between islamic and buddhist regions also caused the promulgation of the buddhist beliefs and customs which influenced sufism teachings in that area. in particular, the khorāsāni narrative of ibrahim adham story show...