Physical Background. Sap exudation refers to the process whereby sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum) are capable of generating significant stem pressure in a leafless state, something that occurs to a lesser extent in only a few other related species such as birch and walnut. This exudation pressure is what causes maple sap to flow from a taphole in sufficient quantities to be harvested and proc...

To date, models for simulating sap flow dynamics in individual trees with a direct link to stem diameter variation include only the diameter fluctuation driven by a change in stem water storage. This paper reports results obtained with a comprehensive flow and storage model using whole-tree leaf transpiration as the only input variable. The model includes radial stem growth based on Lockhart's ...

Storage water use is an indirect consequence of the interplay between different meteorological drivers through their effect on water flow and water potential in trees. We studied these microclimatic drivers of storage water use in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in a temperate climate. The storage water use was modeled using the ANAFORE model, integrating a dynamic water flow and – sto...

Understanding how tropical rainforest trees may respond to the precipitation extremes predicted in future climate change scenarios is paramount for their conservation and management. Tree species clearly differ in drought susceptibility, suggesting that variable water transport strategies exist. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, we examined the hydraulic variability in trees in a lowland tro...

Information on the water use of Pinus patula plantations is required to predict the impact of forest plantations on water resources in South Africa. The heat pulse velocity (HPV) method is a promising technique for measuring water use by trees, and has been shown to measure sap flows accurately in a variety of hardwood trees. This method has not been sufficiently verified for pine trees where t...

INTRODUCTION Although a number of factors affect maple sap flow in vacuum tubing systems, it has become increasingly apparent that sap yields are largely a function of two major influences: vacuum level at the taphole and taphole and tubing sanitation. Vacuum controls sap yield by heightening the pressure differential between the inside of the tree and the inside of the tubing system, therefore...

Background: Root to shoot connection and transfer of information seems to be taken place mostly via the transmissions of signal molecules, secondary metabolites, amino acids, hormones and proteins, through xylem sap. Examination of earlier reports is indicative of relatively high levels of conservation in xylem sap protein compositions. Apparently these protein molecules are be...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of the neutrophil CD64 index for diagnosing secondary infection in Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) patients. Methods: A total of 43 patients with SAP were enrolled between January 2011 and December 2015. Patient Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Rason scores were calculated and blood samples were collected to determine the...