Long-term erosion is experienced by most of the coastlines worldwide, and it usually attributed not only to sea level rise but also retention sand in dams, occupation dry beaches urbanized areas, disturbance natural patterns longshore drift, mining as building material for construction, so on [...]

We compare the deformation patterns produced by sand and a sand mica mixture (14:1 ratio of sand to mica by weight) while simulating basin fill in extension and inversion models to analyze the potential of the sand mica mixture for applications that require a strong elasto-frictional plastic analogue material in physical models. Sand and the sand mica mixture have nearly equal angles of interna...

The Late Oligocene to Recent Canterbury Drifts were deposited in water depths between c. 400 and c. 1500 m by northward-flowing, cold, intermediate-depth water masses: Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and their predecessor current flows. Drift accumulation started at c. 24 Ma, fed by terrigenous sediment derived from the newly rising Alpine Fault plate boundar...

An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) and morphological were simultaneously observed by epifluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy during fertilization of the sand dollar, Clypeaster japonicus. [Ca2+], which was detected by a Ca2+ indicator, Fluo-3, initially increased just beneath the sperm-attached site on the egg surface 8.6 sec after attachmen...

We summarize information concerning Recent and Pleistocene-Holocene Uruguayan sand dollars (Mellitidae), as well as Miocene taxa (Monophorasteridae). Recent and Pleistocene-Holocene species (Encope emarginata, Mellita quinquiesperforata, and Leodia sexisperforata) are at their southernmost limits of distribution, with only E. emarginata recorded further south than Uruguay. Lower temperatures to...

Many larvae and other plankton have complex and variable morphologies of unknown functional significance. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the functional consequences of the complex morphologies of larval sand dollars, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), for hydrodynamic interactions between swimming and turbulent water motion. Vertical shearing flows (horizontal gradients of ...

The middle areas of China’s Hexi Corridor Desert are distributed within or at the edge oases in continental river basins Northern China. Recently, researchers found that rivers can provide sediment material for dune formation and development, but mechanism has not been investigated detail. In this study, relationships among wind environment, spatial distribution rivers, sand availability, field...