A good estimate of the design effect is critical for calculating the most efficient sample size for cluster surveys. We reviewed the design effects for seven nutrition and health outcomes from nine population-based cluster surveys conducted in emergency settings. Most of the design effects for outcomes in children, and one-half of the design effects for crude mortality, were below two. A reasse...

BACKGROUND Cluster-randomized trials, in which health interventions are allocated randomly to intact clusters or communities rather than to individual subjects, are increasingly being used to evaluate disease control strategies both in industrialized and in developing countries. Sample size computations for such trials need to take into account between-cluster variation, but field epidemiologis...

BACKGROUND Random errors in measurement of a risk factor will introduce downward bias of an estimated association to a disease or a disease marker. This phenomenon is called regression dilution bias. A bias correction may be made with data from a validity study or a reliability study. AIMS AND METHODS In this article we give a non-technical description of designs of reliability studies with e...

A pilot study asks whether something can be done, should the researchers proceed with it, and if so, how. However, a pilot study also has a specific design feature; it is conducted on a smaller scale than the main or full-scale study. In other words, the pilot study is important for improvement of the quality and efficiency of the main study. In addition, it is conducted in order to assess the ...

Model Problem Based Learning merupakan model pembelajaran yang menggunakan masah dunia nyata sebagai konteks bagi siswa untuk belajar menyelesaikan masalah dan berpikir kritis. Multimedia Animaker aplikasi software menawarkan berbagai kemudahan dalam membuat persentasi vidieo berbasis online atau web. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbantuan multimedia animaker terhadap hasil IPA...

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören ön lisans öğrencilerinin gördükleri programlarda İSG dersi alma ve almama durumlarına göre farkındalıklarının iş sağlığı güvenliği almanın farkındalığa etkisinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların demografik bilgileri farkındalıkları da karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma nicel araştırma yönt...

BACKGROUND Prisoners are at risk of mental disorders. Therefore attention to mental health of prisoners is important. OBJECTIVES This study aimed determine to the prevalence of mental disorders among Kashan prisoners. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross sectional study was carried out in Kashan prison (Iran). 180 Subjects were selected by using stratified random sampling and evaluated with Symp...