Land reclamation in coastal areas may have a significant effect on local ground water systems. Steady-state analytic solutions based on Dupuit and Ghyben-Herzberg assumptions are derived to evaluate this effect. Two situations are considered, both with ground water flow resulting from precipitation recharge: the coastal aquifer of an extensive landmass and an island. The results show that after...

the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of salinity on growth parameters and intestine morphology of the caspian white fish. experiment were used with four treatments include,(freshwater (0ppt), brackish water (5ppt), abrupt transition of fish to the salt water 10ppt: )the fish were transferred from fresh water to salt water immediately) and gradual transition of fish to the ...

Sucrose oleate was assessed as an alternative lipophilic emulsifier to polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) for the stabilisation of internal aqueous phase a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion formulation designed salt release from during oral processing. A water-in-oil (30 g water/100 oil), containing internalised solution (1.5 salt/100 g), successfully incorporated droplets into external (0.5 g) w...

Classical molecular dynamics simulations with polarizable potential models were carried out to quantitatively determine the effects of KCl salt concentrations on the electrostatic surface potentials of the vapor-liquid interface of water. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first calculation of the aqueous electrolyte surface potentials. Results showed that increased salt conc...

In this investigation four varieties of plain derived-irregular basket-woven-flax fabric-reinforced epoxy (F-E) composites pre-treated with alkali and trimethoxymethylsilane (ATS) were prepared a hand lay-up process by varying their weight fraction fiber loadings (0; 25; 35; 45) w/%. A water-absorption test (salt water) as per ASTM D 570-98 was performed over the fabricated studied its conseque...

We derive a new model for seawater intrusion phenomena in free aquifers. It combines the efficiency of the sharp interface approach with the physical realism of the diffuse interface one. More precisely, a phase field is used as an intermediate variable for including the exchanges between the characteristic layers of the aquifer (salt water, fresh water, unsaturated zone). The threedimensional ...

The ability of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) to move between fresh and salt water raises the question of whether manatees drink salt water. Water turnover rates were estimated in captive West Indian manatees using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Rates were quantified in animals using four experimental treatments: (1) held in fresh water and fed lettuce (N=4), (2) held in sal...

[Received 8 May 1987 and in revised form 23 May 1988] In this paper the two-dimensional flow of fresh and salt water through a homogeneous aquifer is considered. The two fluids are assumed to be separated by a sharp interface. They differ only in their specific weight. This difference induces a flow in the aquifer which in turn causes a motion of the interface. We present a mathematical formula...

Introduction As a dilute aqueous solution of salt rapidly freezes, ions in solution become preferentially differentiated at the ice-water interface. The Workman-Reynolds Effect (WRE) is the resulting potential that forms between the ice and its constituent dilute salt solution. This potential can range from a few to ~230 volts with the magnitude and sign of the potential being primarily depende...