After the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, scientific progress in Europe had come to a standstill. This era between fall of Rome and the Renaissance is commonly known as the dark ages. However, from the 8th till 13th century, scientific and cultural knowledge had flourished in the Islamic world. This period, which began soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Khalifate in Baghdad in the ...

This paper designs an intra-body network (IBN) of nodes, consisting of small sensors and processing elements (SPEs) placed at different locations within the body and a Personal Digital Assistant placed externally but in close proximity to the body. The sensors measure specific physiological attributes such as electrophysiological and biochemical changes in the myocardium (action potentials of c...

"Ibn Sina (Arabic), also known as Avicenna (Latin) and Abu Ali Sina (Persian) was the most original and systematic Muslim philosopher. In this light he is mentioned by two celebrated historians of medieval western philosophy: A. Maurer states, "...his [ibn Sina's] philosophy is a highly personal achievement, ranking among the greatest in the history of philosophy;" and F. Copleston holds, "The ...

after introducing three famous grammarians –ibn-e-malek, ibn-e- aqil and al-soyuti– the authors of this article try to compare and contrast the tow well-known explications of ibn–malek`s alfiyya, by ibn-e-aqil and al-soyuti. the authors refer to the similarities and differences between the two explications and give examples from both works. the main purpose of this article is introduce th...

Autonomous intelligent agent research is a domain situated at the forefront of artificial intelligence. Interest-based negotiation (IBN) is a form of negotiation in which agents exchange information about their underlying goals, with a view to improve the likelihood and quality of a offer. In this paper we model and verify a multi-agent argumentation scenario of resource sharing mechanism to en...