Because data are collected for only fatal crashes, it is difŽ cult to accurately measure seat belt and air bag effectiveness. The use of safety devices in uences survival rates which in turn determine whether a crash is included in the sample, leading to sample selection bias. We propose a simple solution to the selection problem: limiting the sample to crashes in which someone in a different ...

Young children are required to use child safety seats, and the age threshold at which children can legally graduate to seat belts has steadily increased. This article tests the relative effectiveness of child safety seats, lap-and-shoulder seat belts, and lap belts in preventing injuries among motor vehicle passengers aged 2–6 yr. We analyze three large, representative samples of crashes report...

OBJECTIVE To increase teen seat belt use among drivers at a rural high school by implementing the Drive Alive Pilot Program (DAPP), a theory-driven intervention built on highway safety best practices. METHODS The first component of the program was 20 observational teen seat belt surveys conducted by volunteer students in a high school parking lot over a 38-month period before and after the mo...

This study determined effect of automobile seat backrest inclination on lattisimus dorsi muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity. Myoelectric activity was determined at two seat backrest angles (90 degrees and 100 degrees inclinations).  Twenty-one (21) participants were engaged in the study. Electromygraphic activity at 90 degrees inclination had slope value of -0.065 mV/minute while ...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among Canadian children and youth. Transport Canada recommends four types of child restraint depending on the size of the child, and recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of recommended restraint use. OBJECTIVES To determine community paediatricians' knowledge of Transport Canada recommendations for child restraint use ...

BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of occupational fatalities in the United States in 2012, accounting for 25% of deaths. Truck drivers accounted for 46% of these deaths. This study estimates the prevalence of seat belt use and identifies factors associated with nonuse of seat belts among long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs), a group of workers at high risk for fatalities result...

Tribus b.v. is a company in Utrecht that converts minibuses for multifunctional public transportation. This means that with the same bus both ambulant people and wheelchair occupants can be transported. The multifunctionality lies in the combination of a flexible floor layout and (tip) seats. The floor system is based on separate aluminium profiles that are assembled to form any desired floor l...

OBJECTIVE Belt-positioning booster seats have been shown to reduce injury risk among child passengers aged 4 to 8 in motor vehicle crashes. To encourage the use of booster seats, many states have enacted laws that require the use of either a child restraint with internal harness or a belt-positioning booster seat, but the specific age range covered by the laws varies by state. Previous studies ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of passenger seating position with the risk of death for passengers in traffic crashes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Matched cohort analysis of data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatality Analysis Reporting System regarding 56 644 passengers in 23 308 passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles that crashed du...