INTRODUCTION Chilled saline is commonly used to irrigate the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and is often considered by the patients to be uncomfortable. Room temperature (non-chilled) saline may be a safe and less painful alternative. OBJECTIVES To compare pain and visual outcomes after irrigating the ocular surface with chilled saline versus room temperature saline in...

Physical, physicochemical, and microbiological changes were monitored in 256 samples of artisanal Minas cheese from eight producers from Serro region (Minas Gerais, Brazil) for 64 days of ripening to determine the minimum ripening time for the cheese to reach the safe microbiological limits established by Brazilian legislation. The cheeses were produced between dry season (April-September) and ...

A high performance liquid chromatography method was studied for determination of 18 ?-glycyrrhetinic acid in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) extract. The operating condition were C-18 reversed phase column (VP-ODS, (250×4.6 mm, 5 mm)) at room temperature, acetonitril/phosphoric acid (3/1) as mobile phase, at flow rate of 0.6ml/min (0-8min), 0.4ml/min (8-20min) and UV detection at 230 nm. The...

PURPOSE Recovery and discharge following ambulatory surgery are important components of the ambulatory surgery experience. This review provides contemporary perspectives on the issues of discharge criteria, fast-tracking, patient escort requirements, and driving after ambulatory anesthesia. SOURCE A search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, MEDLINE(R), EMBAS...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established alternate angiographic contrast agent, which can be delivered by pump or hand injection. We describe a simple, safe and inexpensive hand injection system that delivers a known volume of CO2 at atmospheric pressure and prevents contamination with room air.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Procedural sedation and analgesia is frequently administered outside of the operating room in emergency departments (EDs) and ICUs. Evidence was sought concerning patients' safety in the ED. RECENT FINDINGS Procedural sedation, when administered in the ED by trained personnel, is safe. Extensive literature demonstrates that propofol, ketamine, midazalam, and fentanyl are app...

BACKGROUND Acute dystonic reactions following the administration of safe, reliable drugs can occur and must be promptly recognized and treated in the emergency room. PHENOMENOLOGY SHOWN The entire clinical course of an acute dystonic reaction due to metoclopramide, from early motor signs to full-blown clinical symptoms and resolution. EDUCATIONAL VALUE Providing elements for early recogniti...

Nitrous oxide is a gas inhalation agent that has a long history of administration in procedures requiring analgesia and sedation. Although use may be limited by patient condition, patient comorbidities, and appropriate scavenging equipment, nitrous is a proven and safe tool for use in many health care settings-from the dental office to the operating room to the emergency department.

Malpractice claims for non-operating room anesthesia care (NORA) had a higher proportion of claims for death than claims in operating rooms (ORs). NORA claims most frequently involved monitored anesthesia care. Inadequate oxygenation/ventilation was responsible for one-third of NORA claims, often judged probably preventable by better monitoring. Fewer malpractice claims for NORA occurred than f...