BACKGROUND Two distinct trends are emerging with respect to how data is shared, collected, and analyzed within the bioinformatics community. First, Linked Data, exposed as SPARQL endpoints, promises to make data easier to collect and integrate by moving towards the harmonization of data syntax, descriptive vocabularies, and identifiers, as well as providing a standardized mechanism for data acc...

In order to interpret experimental Omics-data, ecotoxicologists are faced with an array of disconnected bioinformatics databases and algorithms. These include tools for microarray analysis, gene annotation, functional gene set enrichment, and network analysis. Drawing together these Web tools and resources is a frequently labour-consuming technical exercise in identifying links across database ...

The seminal work by Sadi Carnot in the early nineteenth century provided blueprint of a reversible heat engine and celebrated second law thermodynamics eventually followed. Almost two centuries later, quest to formulate quantum theory thermodynamic laws has thus unsurprisingly motivated physicists visualize what are known as ‘quantum thermal machines’ (QTMs). In this article, we review prominen...

This article revisits aspects of Thermodynamics’ history by applying the Cartesian conception a machine to Sadi Carnot’s work. By defining mechanically geometric curves, Descartes placed mechanical science at centre geometry and natural philosophy. With this, autonomous - product this starts correspond an operational definition with power understand generate new ideas in addition general explan...

Our concern is in explaining how and why models give us useful knowledge. We argue that if we are to understand how models function in the actual scientific practice the representational approach to models proves either misleading or too minimal. We propose turning from the representational approach to the artefactual, which implies also a new unit of analysis: the activity of modelling. Modell...

A lexis Carrel, recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Medicine, was born in a small townnear Lyon, France, on June 28, 1873. His father, a wealthy textile manufacturer, died when he was 5 years old. He was educated in Jesuit schools and entered medical school in 1890, at the age of 17. During the 1890s, Carrel interned at several hospitals near Lyon and was described as a “good but not brilliant...