The coronavirus spike protein (S) plays a key role in the early steps of viral infection, with the S1 domain responsible for receptor binding and the S2 domain mediating membrane fusion. In some cases, the S protein is proteolytically cleaved at the S1-S2 boundary. In the case of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it has been shown that virus entry requires the endoso...

We evaluated transmembrane potential changes at the ends of isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes during defibrillation-strength shocks given in the cellular refractory period. The myocytes were stimulated (S1 pulse) to produce an action potential. Then a constant-field shock (S2 pulse) with an electric field of 20 or 40 V/cm was given at an S1-S2 interval of 50 msec. The cells were stained with...

In his 1974 thesis, Martin Scharlemann constructed a fake homotopy equivalence from a closed smooth manifold f : Q → S3 × S1#S2 × S2, and asked the question whether or not the manifold Q itself is diffeomorphic to S3 × S1#S2 × S2. Here we answer this question affirmatively. In [Sc] Scharlemann showed that if Σ3 is the Poincaré homology 3-sphere, by surgering the 4-manifold Σ× S, along a loop in...

The beneficial role of marcasite in iron-sulfide-based photo-electrochemical applications is reported for the first time. A spectacular improvement of the photoresponse observed experimentally for mixed pyrite/marcasite-FeS2 films can be ascribed to the presence of p/m phase junctions at the interface. Density functional theory calculations show that the band alignment at the phase boundary con...

Many event-related fMRI designs involve multiple successive events occurring within a trial, spaced closely in time (e.g., in cued set-shifting paradigms). Yet, it is notoriously difficult to separate the activation components to these sequentially ordered events, given the long evolution time of the BOLD response. One approach to deal with this problem is to omit the second of two successive e...

1. For any instance I1 of π1, I2 = f(I1) is an instance of π2 such that OPTπ2(I2) ≤ OPTπ1(I1). 2. For any feasible solution S2 of I2, S1 = g(I1, S2) (g maps S2 into an instance of I1) we have Costπ1(I1, S1) ≤ Costπ2(I2, S2). Note that OPTπ2(I2) ≤ OPTπ1(I1) ≤ Costπ1(I1, S1) ≤ Costπ2(I2, S2). Therefore, if there is an approximation factor ∆ for π2 then there is an approximation factor ∆ for π1 as...

where Mag(x;y) = 1/| det[Jacη](x)| is the magnification of the lensed image x of y. Suppose that the light source at y moves along a path y(t). Then the shifted center-of-light curve relative to the source’s trajectory is defined by Xcl(t) = xcl(y(t)) − y(t). It is an important fact that locally stable k-plane lensing maps η are generic and each is differentiably equivalent about every critical...

This note is an addendum to Sum theorems for monotone operators and convex functions. In it, we prove some new results on convex functions and monotone operators, and use them to show that several of the constraint qualifications considered in the preceding paper are, in fact, equivalent. Introduction We continue with the notation and the numbering of [4]. For the moment, we shall assume that E...