Cortical perception of noxious stimulation is an essential component of pain experience but it is not known how cortical nociceptive activity emerges during brain development. Here we use continuous telemetric electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake active rat pups to map functional nociceptive processing in the developing brain over the first 4 w...

Genetic influences and endurance exercise have been shown to alter circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated conjugate, DHEAS. We hypothesized that acute resistance exercise (RE) and training (RET) would increase DHEA steroids, and the magnitude of the increase would be influenced by a steroid sulfatase (STS) gene variation. Fasting blood samples were collecte...

IL-4 and IL-13 have important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. A novel finding was that brief exposure of airway smooth muscle cells to IL-4 inhibited carbachol-stimulated calcium transients. We hypothesized that IL-4 inhibits transients by decreasing calcium store content and tested this by measuring the effects of IL-4 on transients induced by a nonspecific ionophore. Bovine trachealis ce...

Fortier-Poisson P, Langlais J-S, Smith AM. Correlation of fingertip shear force direction with somatosensory cortical activity in monkey. J Neurophysiol 115: 100–111, 2016. First published October 14, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00749.2014.—To examine the activity of somatosensory cortex (S1) neurons to self-generated shear forces on the index and thumb, two monkeys were trained to grasp a stationary ...

The movements of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves have been recorded echocardiographically and related to the first heart sound (S1) in patients with various hemodynamic and conduction abnormalities. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves has been studied with respect to the corresponding atrioventricular pressure crossover and it is clear that both valves finish closing about 50 mse...

Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to analyze blood-oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) data, which were acquired as human subjects received brief vibrotactile stimulation of their hands and feet. Support vector machines trained and tested on the whole brain fMRI data were able to accurately decode the body site of single touches, with mean perform...

To examine the activity of somatosensory cortex (S1) neurons to self-generated shear forces on the index and thumb, two monkeys were trained to grasp a stationary metal tab with a key grip and exert forces without the fingers slipping in one of four orthogonal directions for 1 s. A majority (∼85%) of slowly adapting and rapidly adapting (RA) S1 neurons had activity modulated with shear force di...

Here we briefly review our information theoretic approach to revealing community structure in weighted and directed networks [1] and present a new fast stochastic and recursive search algorithm to minimize the map equation — the objective function of our method. We have developed this algorithm to be able to accurately partition the large number of bootstrap networks [2]. The search algorithm c...

The double exponential model t t M T Be Ae vl μ μ − − + = was fitted to log10(vl) data from day 0 to day 28 post ART. When vl was undetectable it was replaced with the limit of detection (80 copies per ml), indicated by the dashed line in Figure S1 and S2. Fits were performed by nonlinear least squares regression, confidence intervals were calculated by bootstrapping the cases and trimming the ...

Amacrine cells in the mammalian retina are famously diverse in shape and function. Here, we show that two wide-field GABA amacrine cells, S1 and S2, have stereotyped synaptic contacts with the appropriate morphology and distribution to perform specific functions. S1 and S2 both supply negative feedback to rod bipolar terminals and thus provide a substrate for lateral inhibition in the rod pathw...