Richard Lewontin is often cited as an inspiration and founder of what is now known as Niche Construction Theory. The first goal of this paper is to argue that they present distinct arguments from niche construction against Adaptationism. While Niche Construction Theory argues that natural selection is not the only adaptive evolutionary force, Lewontin rejects the externalist characterization of...

The mechanics of speciation with gene flow are still unclear. Disparity among genes in population differentiation (F(ST)) between diverging species is often interpreted as evidence for semipermeable species boundaries, with selection preventing "key" genes from introgressing despite ongoing gene flow. However, F(ST) can remain high before it reaches equilibrium between the lineage sorting of sp...

Outliers and multi-collinearity often have large influence in the model/variable selection process in linear regression analysis. To investigate this combined problem of multi-collinearity and outliers, we studied and compared Liu-type S (liuS-estimators) and Liu-type Least Trimmed Squares (liuLTS) estimators as robust model selection criteria. Therefore, the main goal this study is to select s...

The study of sex and ethnic group differences is an important issue in the evaluation of personnel measurement instruments. Several principles must be considered when addressing the measurement of group differences including whether the selection instruments measure the same factors for all groups (i.e., factorial invariance), group mean score differences, and differential validity. Federal gui...

This paper depicts the knowledge-based system named as ESPMS (Expert System for Process Model Selection) through various models. A questionnaire was developed to identify important parameters, which were evaluated through domain experts in about all the universities of Pakistan. No exact system was found, which could guide Software Engineers for selection of a proper model during software devel...

In this paper, we present an interactive object selection approach that applies s − t minimum cut on local contour neighborhoods of the object boundary to segment the object from the background. Using a simple interface, users can extract accurate object contours interactively. Our approach has the following properties. 1) Interactivity: The interface is easy to use and accepts flexible freehan...

Natural selection on codon usage is a pervasive force that acts on a large variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Despite this, obtaining reliable estimates of selection on codon usage has proved complicated, perhaps due to the fact that the selection coefficients involved are very small. In this work, a population genetics model is used to measure the strength of selected codon usage b...

where Q is a continuous function of x and x—>Q(x, •) is continuous with respect to the £»(/*) norm. If it is also the case that ^ | T is dense in Li(ju)> then ()(•, 0) is a limit (uniform convergence on compact subsets of A) of functions in B. These results also give integral representations like (1) and (2) for a complex function algebra, simply by considering the space B of real parts of the ...

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I was interested to read the report of Goodship et al (J Med Genet 1995;32:746-8) of monozygotic (MZ) twins with a 22ql deletion who were discordant for cardiac defects. I have recently met a similar family where all the affected members have had a 22ql deletion detected by FISH. Twin 1 has a typical facial appearance of the velocardiofacial syndrome (figure) with nasal speech but no cardiac de...