Study Design Systematic review. Objectives To determine the incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries (CCSIs) among elite athletes participating in contact team sports and whether the incidence varies depending on the use of protective gear or by player position. Methods Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles published from January 1, 2000, to January 29, 2016, were se...

OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence and characteristics of injuries among US high school rugby players and to identify possible injury risk factors. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. SETTING The 2005 and 2006 US high school rugby seasons. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 121 boys' and girls' US high school rugby clubs. Main Exposures Exposure to playing rugby. MAIN OUTCOME ...

Rugby is a process model for continuous software engineering which allows developers to continuously deliver prototypes and obtain feedback supporting software evolution. There is a reference implementation of Rugby with commercial enterprise tools used in university capstone courses. However, since these tools are expensive, there is a need to study less expensive alternatives which are availa...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of RugbySmart, a nationwide educational injury prevention programme, on the frequency of spinal cord injuries. DESIGN Ecological study. SETTING New Zealand rugby union. PARTICIPANTS Population at risk of injury comprised all New Zealand rugby union players. INTERVENTION From 2001, all New Zealand rugby coaches and referees have been required to comple...

Since rugby union became a professional sport in 1995 its popularity has increased such that the Six Nations Championship in 2014 had a higher average attendance per game than either the UEFA Euro Cup 2012 or the FIFA World Cup 2014. 2 3 Rugby (both union and league) is the third most popular team contact sport worldwide. Rugby union is played in around 120 countries and rugby league in around ...

Most injuries sustained by rugby players affect the soft tissues, and fracture is relatively uncommon. Whereas the lower limb is most affected in footballers, the upper limb tends to be injured in rugby players. Thirty consecutive fractures and ten dislocations affecting the upper limb, sustained by 35 rugby players, are reported.

Rugby-shaped hohlraums have been suggested as a way to enhance x-ray drive in the indirect drive approach to inertial confinement fusion. This Letter presents an experimental comparison of rugby-shaped and cylinder hohlraums used for D2 and D3He-filled capsules implosions on the Omega laser facility, demonstrating an increase of x-ray flux by 18% in rugby-shaped hohlraums. The highest yields to...

To date, no published data exists on distances and speeds traveled by rugby or basketball players during game play. The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative information of selected characteristics of wheelchair basketball and rugby game play. A miniaturized data logger was used to collect the distance traveled, average velocity, activity time, and number of starts and stops during ...

OBJECTIVES In reviewing the literature on sports injuries, few studies could be found in which exposure related incidences of injury in different types of sport were compared. These studies indicated that ice hockey, handball, basketball, soccer, and rugby are popular team sports with a relatively high risk of injury. The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics and incidence of inju...