The experiment was to study the effects of replacing soybean meal by rubber seed meal on growth, economics and carcass characteristics of broiler. A total of 150 day-old commercial broiler (Cobb-500) was reared for a period of 35 days. There were five treatments including T0 (without rubber seed meal), T1 (10% rubber seed meal), T2 (20% rubber seed meal), and T3 (30% rubber seed meal) and T4 (4...

Rotating bioreactors such as the High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) provide a low shear and gentle mixing environment, ideal for mammalian cell culture in 3D. The HARV is a cylindrical “disc-shaped” batch culture vessel with no internal moving parts, that rotates about a single axis. Oxygenation is provided by a permeable silicon rubber membrane, allowing the diffusion of gases to and from the med...

kcnk2 was previously shown to regulate immune-cell trafficking into the central nervous system (cns). kcnk2-/- mice demonstrated a more severe disease course in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, due to an increased immune-cell migration into the cns. an upregulation of the cellular adhesion molecules icam1 and vcam1 on brain endothelial cells in k...

This work explores multiaxial stress effects on fatigue crack nucleation and growth in filled natural rubber based on experiments using short thin-walled cylindrical specimens subjected to axial and twist displacements. Cyclic stress–strain response exhibits significant initial softening relative to the monotonic response, followed by a more gradual additional softening. Irreversible breakage o...

Communication among cells by means of the exchange of signaling cues is important for tissue and organ development. Recent reports indicate that one way that signaling cues can be delivered is by movement along cellular protrusions interconnecting cells. Here, by using confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional rendering, we describe in Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal discs ...

We developed a compact tactile sensor in order to guide the clinician or the self-user for non-invasive detection of lumps. The new design has an advantage over the existing discrete tactile sensors and detection methods by efficiently sensing force distribution over an area without any side effects. The sensor consists of 10×10 infrared emitter-detector pairs, a silicon-rubber elastic pad, and...

The stethoscope is currently at the crossroads. For two centuries now, the stethoscope has been a central part of examining the thorax. Nevertheless, this omnipresent tool of the medical profession (‘conversation piece’) is at the heart of the debate over how diagnostic medicine should be practised. At the moment, there are many divergent views on the value of using the stethoscope as a primary...

We study the lubrication of fluid-immersed soft interfaces and show that elastic deformation couples tangential and normal forces and thus generates lift. We consider materials that deform easily, due to either geometry e.g., a shell or constitutive properties e.g., a gel or a rubber , so that the effects of pressure and temperature on the fluid properties may be neglected. Four different syste...

The rubber-producing tree, Ficus elastica (the Indian rubber tree), requires the same substrates for rubber production as other rubber-producing plants, such as Hevea brasiliensis (the Brazilian or Para rubber tree), the major source of commercial natural rubber in the world, and Parthenium argentatum (guayule), a widely studied alternative for natural rubber production currently under commerci...