Topology control is an important feature for energy saving, and many topology control protocols have been proposed. Yet, little work has been done on quantitatively measuring practical performance gains that topology control achieves in a real sensor network. This is because many existing protocols either are too complex or make too impractical assumptions for a practical implementation and ana...

Annealed functional CLT in the rough path topology is proved for standard class of ballistic random walks environment. Moreover, `area anomaly', i.e. a deterministic linear correction second level iterated integral rescaled path, identified terms stochastic area on regeneration interval. The main theorem formulated more general settings, namely any discrete process with uniformly bounded increm...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the general approximation structure, weak approximation operators, and Pawlak algebra in the framework of fuzzy lattice, lattice topology, and auxiliary ordering. First, we prove that the weak approximation operator space forms a complete distributive lattice. Then we study the properties of transitive closure of approximation operators and apply them to ...

This paper puts forward some rough approximations which are motivated from topology. Given a subset R ⊆ U × , we can use 8 types of id="M2"> E -neighborhoods to construct an arbitrary id="M3"> X on the one hand. On other hand, also relying topology is induced by id="M4"> -neig...

By comparing experimental and simulation data, surface forces of electro-mechanical memory cells were characterized. In the case of aluminum beams, surface forces were negligible due to rough surface topology. However, in the case of titanium-nitride beams, surface force density was estimated to be 624 kPa. The extracted value of surface force can be fed back into the finite-element-analysis (F...

for efficiency evaluation of some of the decision making units that have uncertain information, rough data envelopment analysis technique is used, which is derived from rough set theorem and data envelopment analysis (dea). in some situations rough data alter nonradially. to this end, this paper proposes additive rough–dea model and illustrates the proposed model by a numerical example.

QOSPF (Quality of Service Open Shortest Path First) based on QoS routing has been recognized as a missing piece in the evolution of QoS-based services on the Internet. Data mining has emerged as a tool for data analysis, discovery of new information, and autonomous decision making. This article focuses on routing algorithms and their applications for computing QoS routes in OSPF protocol. The p...

We present a system for pattern formation in networks that is inspired by biological development. The system hierarchically forms a specific pattern in a rough-to-detail manner as seen in biological development. We apply the system to generating gray-scaled images. In this application, a network topology is first generated from a given original image in which pixels correspond to network nodes ...

Data collection and analysis in web mining faces certain unique challenges. Due to a variety of reasons inherent in web browsing and web logging, the likelihood of bad or incomplete data is higher than conventional applications. The analytical techniques in web mining need to accommodate such data. Fuzzy and rough sets provide the ability to deal with incomplete and approximate information. Fuz...