Lactate accumulation in osteoderms of the broad-nose caiman, Caiman latirostris, was determined following capture and surgery and after a period of forced submergence and related to concurrent values in blood. Control samples of bone and blood were taken after recovery from surgery and before submergence. In addition, samples of osteoderm were incubated in a lactate solution to determine equili...

Plants require water for growth and development, but excessive water negatively affects their productivity and viability. Flash floods occasionally result in complete submergence of plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems. When immersed in water, plants encounter multiple stresses including low oxygen, low light, nutrient deficiency, and high risk of infection. As floodwaters subside, sub...

This research aims to study jet downstream scour model under the influence of changes of water level. It also studies and analyzes different parameters and components of diffusion of submerged jet flow in an acceptor fluid and scour hole dimensions. To achieve the objectives, a physical model was made in proportion to the research title. With the Froude number increasing in a nozzle discharge, ...

Reservoirs often have highly fluctuating water levels. The perimeters of these impoundments, which alternate between being exposed or inundated by water (drawdown zone), are used by nesting birds, but at the risk of nest submergence when water levels rise. For species that nest above the ground in shrubs, foraging and predation may also be affected by flooded habitat. Our objective was to clari...

The activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of antioxidants involved in oxygen detoxification were studied in seedlings of three indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, namely Panikekoa and T 1471 that show good capacity for anaerobic seedling establishment (tolerant reaction) and IR 42 which has a poor anaerobic seedling establishment capacity (susceptible reaction). The activities of th...

Terrestrial plants experience multiple stresses when they are submerged, caused both by oxygen deficiency due to reduced gas diffusion in water, and by shade due to high turbidity of the floodwater. It has been suggested that responses to submergence are de facto responses to low light intensity. We investigated the extent to which submergence and shade induce similar acclimation responses by c...

BACKGROUND Higher plants are aerobic organisms which suffer from the oxygen deficiency imposed by partial or total submergence. However, some plant species have developed strategies to avoid or withstand severe oxygen shortage and, in some cases, the complete absence of oxygen (tissue anoxia) for considerable periods of time. SCOPE Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the few plant species that can ...

Rice plants are much damaged by several days of total submergence. The effect can be a serious problem for rice farmers in the rainfed lowlands of Asia, and runs contrary to a widespread belief amongst plant biologists that rice is highly tolerant of submergence. This article assesses the characteristics of the underwater environment that may damage rice plants, examines various physiological m...