PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe nocturnal awakenings and sleep environment interruptions experienced by children and adolescents hospitalized for two to four days to receive chemotherapy and to assess the relationships among nocturnal awakenings, sleep environment interruptions, sleep duration, and fatigue. DESIGN Longitudinal, descriptive design. SETTING St. Jude Children's Research Hospita...

sulfuric acid {[3-(3-silicapropyl)sulfanyl]propyl}ester (saspspe) is employed as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of α-amino nitriles. these syntheses were performed via a one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes, amines, and trimethylsilyl cyanide under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. the catalyst could be recycled and reused several times without any loss of effi...

poly (n-bromosuccinimide) (pnbs) as a mild, efficient, non-acidic, polymeric and heterogeneous catalyst was applied for simple conversion of epoxides into thiiranes by treatment with kscn or (nh2)2cs at room temperature. aliphatic and aromatic epoxides converted into their corresponding thiiranes under mild conditions. all reactions proceeded in short reaction times and afforded the correspondi...

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron lasers has produced high-resolution, room temperature, time-resolved protein structures. We report preliminary SFX of Sindbis virus, an enveloped icosahedral RNA virus with ∼700 Å diameter. Microcrystals delivered in viscous agarose medium diffracted to ∼40 Å resolution. Small-angle diffuse X-ray scattering overlaid Bragg peaks ...

Computers have the extroardinary ability to recall a lookup table with perfect accuracy given a single presentation. We humans are not so fortunate. To learn, we must see the entries of a lookup table many times. However, it is not sufficient, nor efficient, to simply see the entries several times in one sitting. We must repeatedly be reminded of an entry at spaced intervals. The spacing is not...

The first robot vacuums might be realized sooner if their designs sacrifice some efficiency for robustness achieved by persistence, and if they can expect reasonable cooperation from the household. In many houses, there are times when each room is unoccupied long enough to permit its being vacuumed without disrupting normal family life. Sacrificing sophistication to achieve minimal competence e...

The optimal entry point for antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether there is a difference in operative parameters, healing, and functional outcome when comparing the greater trochanter (GT) and piriformis fossa (PF) entry points. A systematic search of multiple databases and 3 major orthope...

Cooperative, or energy-transfer, upconversion reduces the population of the I13/2 manifold in Er:YAG, increasing the laser threshold, but not, in theory, the slope efficiency [1]. We have measured the cooperative upconversion parameter in Er:YAG using the z-scan technique as a function of Er concentration (0.5% to 5%) with the sample at room temperature (298 K) and 80 K. The value we obtain at ...

We conducted a randomized trial of a simple educational intervention encouraging patients to perform hand hygiene at 5 specific moments, including on entry of health care personnel into their room as a reminder of the importance of hand hygiene. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in patient hand hygiene.