Considerable effort has been devoted to the characterization of RNA interference (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism involving small RNA-containing effector complexes. Recent studies have revealed that components of the RNAi machinery are associated not only with target RNA cleavage and impairment of target RNA translation but also with the formation of heterochromatin. There...

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes visceral white spot disease in several marine and aquaculture fish species, resulting high mortality severe financial loss. Based on previous RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), fliK gene expression significantly up-regulated P. during infection, indicating may contribute to its bacterial pathogenicity. To investigate the rol...

Antiviral immunity in insects and plants is mediated by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in which viral long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by Dicer enzymes. Although this pathway is evolutionarily conserved, its involvement in antiviral defense in mammals is the subject of debate. In vertebrates, recognition of viral RNA induces a sophisticated...

In RNA interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers degradation of homologous messenger RNA. In many organisms, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is required to initiate or amplify RNAi, but the substrate for dsRNA synthesis in vivo is not known. Here, we show that RdRp-dependent transgene silencing in Arabidopsis was caused by mutation of XRN4, which is a ribonuclease (RNase) im...

RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific gene silencing induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Being a highly specific and efficient knockdown technique, RNAi not only provides a powerful tool for functional genomics but also holds a promise for gene therapy. The key player in RNAi is small RNA (approximately 22-nt) termed siRNA. Small RNAs are involved not only in RNAi but also in bas...

Endogenous small RNAs function in RNA interference (RNAi) pathways to guide RNA cleavage, translational repression, or methylation of DNA or chromatin. In Tetrahymena thermophila, developmentally regulated DNA elimination is governed by an RNAi mechanism involving approximately 27-30-nucleotide (nt) RNAs. Here we characterize the sequence features of the approximately 27-30-nt RNAs and a approx...

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that regulated by the interaction between RNA-induced complex (RISC) and double-stranded (dsRNA). Exogenous dsRNAs are imported directly into cytoplasm, where they cleaved Dicer short dsRNA fragments of 20–25 base pairs. These fragments, called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have sequence-specific with target genes. Th...

The small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics have raised great attention since the first interference (RNAi)-derived drug, patisiran, was approved by US Food and Drug Administration, which represented a landmark in field of gene therapy. Given properties disease-associated expression, RNAi machinery is regarded as an essential factor for preparing precise medicine. However, over past fe...

In the last decade, RNA interference (RNAi), a cellular mechanism that uses RNA-guided degradation of messenger RNA transcripts, has had an important impact on identifying and characterizing gene function. First discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, RNAi can be used to silence the expression of genes through introduction of exogenous double-stranded RNA into cells. In Drosophila, RNAi has been ...

Systemic RNAi, the intercellular spreading of RNAi silencing, requires SID-1 and SID-3 to import silencing signals in Caenorhabditis elegans. How are these signals exported? SID-5, an endosome-associated protein, is a candidate for the job.