introduction: nowadays, spinal anesthesia is associated with few complications in many surgical practices especially the elective caesarean which is taken as a suitable replacement for general anesthesia. different drugs are used for spinal anesthesia. this study aims to compare lidocaine 5% in combination with meperidine 5% plus lidocaine 5% for spinal anesthesia in non-emergency cesarean pati...

Study selection and assessment: controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that evaluated adverse events (acute plasma sodium derangements and their attributed morbidity) associated with use of hypotonic (containing ,0.9% sodium chloride) or isotonic (containing 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringers Lactate) IV maintenance solutions in children 1 month to 17 years of age who had been...

Our knowledge of concussions has increased and our treatment has changed substantially in recent years based on new research. Some of the major changes include the awareness that "minor head injuries," frequently called "bell-ringers or dings," are in fact concussions; many relatively minor head injuries take longer to heal than previously believed; concussions can occur without loss of conscio...

An understanding of feather moult, an important process in the life cycle birds, lags behind that other avian life‐history events. This lag includes a lack scientific attention, but surprisingly also basic knowledge regarding moult strategy many bird species. situation is particularly astonishing light fact feathers are unique characteristic birds. Currently, there two main terminology systems ...

Introduction: Nowadays, spinal anesthesia is associated with few complications in many surgical practices especially the elective caesarean which is taken as a suitable replacement for general anesthesia. Different drugs are used for spinal anesthesia. This study aims to compare lidocaine 5% in combination with meperidine 5% plus lidocaine 5% for spinal anesthesia in non-emergency cesarean pati...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To examine the efficacy and tolerability of topical mupirocin for the management of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. STUDY DESIGN Prospective open-label pilot study. METHODS Patients with surgically recalcitrant CRS who had positive nasendoscopically guided cultures for Staphylococcus aureus were trea...

INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that early, aggressive resuscitation in patients with septic shock reduces mortality. The objective of this survey was to characterize reported resuscitation practices of Canadian physicians caring for adult critically ill patients with early septic shock. METHODS A scenario-based self-administered national survey was sent out to Canadian critical care ph...