Abstract Environmental constitutionalism encompasses rights as well duties of the State and individuals. However, environmental individuals are seldom discussed in detail. What is their contribution to constitutionalism? This article examines origin design, judicial adjudication fundamental duty citizens Constitution India answer this question. It finds that internal external factors influence ...

In 2013, legislation went into effect clarifying that the Tarasoff duty in California is now unambiguously solely a duty to protect. Warning the potential victim and the police is not a requirement, but a clinician can obtain immunity from liability by using this safe harbor. In situations in which a therapist believes warning might exacerbate the patient's risk, however, alternative protective...

This article explores the practice of gamete donation in the U.S. having in mind the larger question of what do we as a society owe children born as a result (donor-conceived children). Do recipient-parents have a duty to tell their donor-conceived child about his/her genetic origins? Should the identity of the donor be disclosed or remain anonymous? Does the child have a right to know her conc...

This article elaborates upon and defends the distinction between “primary duty” claims and “primary liability” claims in private law introduced in a previous article. In particular, I discuss the relevance of the distinction to the debates over fault and strict liability and “duty skepticism” and to the relationship between primary and remedial rights. I argue that the tendency to assume that a...

Abstract The Hangzhou Internet Court decided that an NFT transaction is covered by the right of communication through information networks and trading platforms shall bear a higher duty care.

Abstract The immigration debate in political theory has produced a series of accounts that justify the state’s right to exclude potential immigrants, where self-determination figures prominently. We challenge two prominent self-determination-based and defend circumscribed corollary duty admit based on our ‘people relationship goods’ account self-determination. Our conception reconciles moral cl...