Tanrı, aksi düşünülemeyen ve her türlü noksanlıklardan uzak bir varlık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla iyiliğin, güzelliğin düzenin kaynağı gösterilmektedir. Bu nedenle Tanrı’nın yapmış olduğu eyleminde amaç söz konusudur. amaçların kısmı insan tarafından bilinirken ise bilinemezliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Var olan şeylerin doğrudan hayatı ile ilgili iken dolaylı ilgilidir. Modern dö...

The double anniversary next year, which marks the 150th anniversary of the first publication of the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and the bicentenary of his birth, has provided the media with a welcome peg to celebrate the naturalist's enormous contribution to modern biology. While the BBC is planning several programmes, beginning later this year, Channel 4, a commercial British televisio...

opinion opinion F or my generation, science has resem­ bled the tournaments of medieval knights: fierce, but fair. peter Mitchell started an uphill battle for his chemi­ osmotic theory in the 1960s and persisted until his adversaries avowed defeat in a joint publication with him in 1977 (Boyer et al, 1977). He received the Nobel prize for his work in 1978. My generation also grew up under the d...

Unlike most other programming languages, Java has included support for multithreading in the Java Language Specification (JLS) since its inception in 1995 [4]. However, Java’s multithreading model is directly based on Hoare’s monitor concept [9] and uses low-level constructs such as synchronized code blocks, and library routines such as the wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods from class T...

The ‘weasel words’ example by Richard Dawkins is based on a simple genetic algorithm and is aimed at demonstrating the likelihood of evolution due to natural selection and mutations. The algorithm rewards fine changes in single letters of a random sequence towards the desired phrase. Many traits in living things, however, exhibit irreducible complexities, which make fine changes such as substit...

This article analyzes the impact of the resurgence of American creationism in the early 1980s on debates within post-synthesis evolutionary biology. During this period, many evolutionists criticized Harvard biologist Stephen Jay Gould for publicizing his revisions to traditional Darwinian theory and opening evolution to criticism by creationists. Gould's theory of punctuated equilibrium was a s...

This paper presents a technique of evolutionary design for plants in virtual worlds, inspired from Richard Dawkins' adaptive walks within the space of biomorph structures. The design is carried out by interactive sessions with a multi-agent platform of generic virtual plants. The plants, growing in a three-dimensional environment, are based upon the fusion between a two-substrate transport-resi...

In what may be his best book to date, Victor Stenger (Professor Emeritus of Physics) provides a much needed summary, elaboration, and defense of the main theses of the so-called “New Atheists” (NAs), known for their widely-publicized, unrelenting, and passionate critiques of theism and religion in general. Among these NAs, Stenger includes authors of recent bestsellers in the United States: Sam...