Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is both a major crop species and the key model grass for molecular and physiological research. Mitochondria are important in rice, as in all crops, as the main source of ATP for cell maintenance and growth. However, the practical significance of understanding the function of mitochondria in rice is increased by the widespread farming practice of using hybrids to boost ric...

The impact of climate change does not only affect the production aspects but also on household income and other socioeconomic aspects. The research aims to determine the household economic behaviors of rice farmers in decision-making with relation to the production risks due to climate change and determine the farmer’s adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. The approach taken is t...

A tentative list of ecological attributes; diversity, cycling, stability and capacity, is proposed for quantification and ranking of farming systems along a hypothetical scale of increasing ecological sustainability. The modelling and preliminary analysis of four rice-based systems from the Philippines, two on-station experimental systems and two smallholder farms, confirms our intuitive percep...

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of organic farming with various sources of organic manures and their combinations on nitrogen use efficiency parameters of ADT 36 rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with fourteen treatments, comprising twelve treatment combinations of organic manures, one treatment with recommended dose of ch...

Indicators are increasingly recognized as an important decision aid tool to translate sustainability issue from theory into practice. However, indicator development for sustainable community development is rather successful than the agricultural sector due to methodological lacuna. The aim of this study is to develop a methodological framework for indicator development and an essential set of i...

The present study estimated the impact of women’s participation in farming activities on labour demand, production of high value crops, household income and the number of cattle kept per household in Pakistan. The study was carried out in the rice wheat area of the Pakistani Punjab. The cross-sectional data set was collected from 106 female respondents both participating and not participating i...

Pig production plays an important role in smallholder farming systems in upland villages of Lao PDR. It serves as an income source or as capital accumulation needed when crop (rice) production fails. Farmers raise pigs in many ways or systems depending on the availability of feed resources and the intensity of farming systems. There are two main problems in smallholder systems—disease and seaso...

1. Understanding the plant genome. 1.1 Extra Nuclear Genomes 1.2 Structure, Size and Organization 1.3 Synteny and Collinearity of Plant Genomes 2. The science of ‘Genomics’ 2.1 Genome Sequences – the Raw Material 2.2 Structural and Functional Genomics 3. Arabidopsis Genome sequence – The signpost of plant genomics 3.1 Arabidopsis will not feed the world 3.2 The International Rice Genome Sequenc...

It is sometimes argued that women play a more important role in seed and diversity management than men,and that women have greater abilities in managing crop diversity. In The Gambia, men and women also havethe belief that women are better in managing and identifying varieties than men. This article focuses on therole of gender in farmer management of crop diversity in two crops...