Objective(s): Present study was performed in order to uncover new aspects for nicotine-induced damages on spermatogenesis cell lineage. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 36 mature male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as; control-sham (0.2 ml, saline normal, IP), low dose (0.2 mg/kg BW-1, IP) nicotine-received and high dose (0.4 mg/kg BW-1, IP) nicotine-received groups. Followi...

introduction: numerous evidence indicates the involvement of insulin and k atp channel blockers in brain functions such as memory. materials & methods: in this study, by applying light (h & e staining) and scanning electron microscopies, we investigated the effect of intrahippocampal injection of insulin, glibenclamide experimental diabetic rats. may these reverse the cellularimpairment, and pr...

objective: receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b ligand (rankl) appears to be an osteoclast-activating factor, bearing an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. some studies demonstrated that u-266 myeloma cell line and primary myeloma cells expressed rank and rankl. it had been reported that the expression of myeloid and monocytoid markers was increased by co-culturing ...

One of the most effective techniques to obtain PP and PS images is elastic reverse time migration which employs multi-component seismic data. The two types complementary play an important role in reducing blind spots exploration. However, image deep structures always blurred due shielding effect overburden rock on waves. To overcome this issue, we develop approach for insufficient illumination....

background: an enchondroma is a benign and a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma is an invasive chondroid tumor with high recurrence potential. in spite of biologic differences, these two tumors have very similar histopathologic appearance. it has been shown that the biologic nature of the connective tissue around benign and malignant tumors varies in the number of mast cells. the aim of this st...

microscopy as “field based test” was compared with is900 blood pcr for the diagnosis and estimationof prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in domestic livestock withclinical johne’s disease (jd). of 252 animals screened, 39.3 and 13.1% were positive by faecal microscopyand blood pcr, respectively. proportional agreement between “microscopy” and blood pcr was subst...

purpose: to image leukocyte adherence to the vascular endothelium and extravasation into surrounding tissues in neovascularized corneas using acridine orange, a selective dna stain, in rats methods: corneal neovascularization was induced by placing two sutures in the cornea of one eye of 12 long-evans rats. one week later, acridine orange (4 mg/kg) was injected via the tail vein and the eyes we...

introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

introduction: unstained formalin-fixed whole brain specimens and brain slices do not give satisfactory results for teaching neuroanatomy. in addition, difficulties in obtaining human brains for dissection have increased the demand for more durable brain specimens that have been obtained by the plastination technique. in the present study brain specimens were sliced, fixed and stained using the ...