Previous research has confirmed that the distribution of bids for construction auctions can be reasonably modeled with Lognormal distribution. The location parameter this (the mean μ) been found to have a good linear correlation bidders’ cost estimates. However, scale (standard deviation bids, σ) remains noticeably difficult anticipate. By analyzing 13 auction datasets, hard evidence is provide...

This study implemented linear and nonlinear methods of measuring variability to determine differences in stability of two groups of skilled (n = 10) and unskilled (n = 10) participants performing 3m forward/backward shuttle agility drill. We also determined whether stability measures differed between the forward and backward segments of the drill. Finally, we sought to investigate whether local...

We have studied the effects of range and distribution of data on product moment and rank correlation coefficients when deviation from a linear relationship was due solely to experimentally produced random error. All correlation coefficients (Pearson r, Spearman rho, and Kendall tau) were markedly influenced by the range of the data, and, for the rank correlation coefficients, the effect of rang...

We previously proposed a method of mapping full-complex spatial modulations into phase-only modulations. The Fourier transform of the encoded modulations approximates that of the original complex modulations. The amplitude of each pixel is encoded by the property that the amplitude of a random-phasor sum is reduced corresponding to its standard deviation. Pseudorandom encoding is designed for p...

Missing values and outliers are frequently encountered while collecting data. The presence of missing values reduces the data available to be analyzed, compromising the statistical power of the study, and eventually the reliability of its results. In addition, it causes a significant bias in the results and degrades the efficiency of the data. Outliers significantly affect the process of estima...

The paper presents an efficient and reliable feature descriptor for human detection in a top-view depth image that uses two statistical values of mean and standard deviation. Human detection performance of our descriptor outperform Rauter that use mean value and Simplified Local Ternary Pattern (SLTP). To evaluate the human detection performance using our descriptor, we capture 559 positive and...