Intramedullary nailing (IM) has been a reliable treatment for a wide variety of long bone fractures in orthopedic trauma since Küntscher’s first operation in 1940. Using the IM for treatment of long bone fracture sounds superior than the bone plate in many aspects, however, there are few key points have been discussed from time to time, such as ream or unream the medullar cavity when nail impla...

OBJECTIVE The humerus is a common site for metastasis. Intramedullary nail fixation has been reported to be the best form of fixation for this disease but complications occur. This study aimed to assess the use of a new humeral nail to treat pathological fractures and impending pathological fractures of the humerus. METHODS 29 patients received 31 Austofix locked intramedullary humeral nails:...

The clinical significance of the ramus communicans, which connects the medial and lateral palmar/plantar nerves, should be determined to avoid errors in interpreting the effects of diagnostic anesthesia of the palmar/plantar nerves of horses during lameness examination. To determine its clinical significance, the ramus communicans of the pelvic limbs of 2 ponies was transected. Two months later...

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess mandibular ramus height and to assess the relationship of ramus height with various craniofacial and dental measurements in a sample of Iraqi adults with skeletal and dental Class I. Materials and method: The sample consisted of 95 Iraqi adults (54 females and 41 males) having normal occlusion and Class I skeletal pattern aged between 18 and 3...