The diagnosis of optic neuritis and particularly retrobulbar optic neuritis when atypical and not responsive to corticosteroid treatment may need to be revised. This is now especially so in male patients who should be questioned regarding their taking a phosphodiasterase-5 inhibitor in particular Viagra. The case history of such a patient is presented who sustained posterior ischaemic optic neu...

CASE SUMMARY An 18-month-old male neutered Ragdoll cat presented with an 8 week history of progressive unilateral right-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge and exophthalmos. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous right retrobulbar mass and bilateral nasal cavity disease. Filamentous structures seen on cytology of retrobulbar and nasal biopsies were mistakenly identified as filamento...

For many years, retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia were the standard for cataract surgery; however, many serious adverse effects have been reported (1, 2). With the introduction of modern phacoemulsification cataract surgery, topical anesthesia without retrobulbar or periocular injections has become a well-established, minimally invasive technique (3). The addition of intracameral lidocaine ...

Goldfish (Carassius auratus, var. japonicus, subvar. bicaudatus) respond to the administration of thyrotrophic hormone with exophthalmos. Eye protrusion increases with simultaneous injections of corticotrophin. Retrobulbar injections of normal saline, human serum or pituitary hormones produce a transient exophthalmos, which is much more persistent when thyrotrophin is injected. Previous treatme...

Some evidence suggests that the primary locus of the lesion in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) may be intraocular rather than retrobulbar. To clarify this issue, the condition of the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve was evaluated in patients with the acute stage of LHON. High resolution MRI with fast spin echo sequences of the optic nerve complex in the orbit was carried out. F...

Demyelinating optic neuritis is the commonest cause of optic neuropathy in young adults. Retrobulbar optic neuritis is one of the frequent clinical forms of demyelinating optic neuritis. We report a case of a 28-year-old lady who presented with blurring of vision in the right eye for one month and pain on eye movement. Fundi examinations were normal. Initial suspicion was that of retrobulbar op...

Ocular pain can be multi-factorial and often refractory to treatment, in spite of the myriad options available to the ophthalmologist for its management. Initial therapy entails the use of topical and systemic pressure lowering agents as well as anti-inflammatory/analgesics for the provision of relief. Those refractory to medical therapy may require surgical intervention in the form of cyclodes...

We present the MR imaging findings in a 43-year-old male patient with bilateral idiopathic sclerosing inflammation of the orbit. Bilateral enhancing retrobulbar masses, with concentric compression of the retrobulbar segment of the left optic nerve, were seen. MR imaging proved to be the only means to distinguish between the different intraorbital structures and to determine the exact site of op...

We report a long-term eye movement study of a 68-year-old female with pontomedullary junction cavernous malformation whose dysconjugate nystagmus was treated with retrobulbar botulinum toxin A injections. Sequential, bilateral retrobulbar injections of botulinum toxin A were performed. Injections immediately decreased oscillopsia and nystagmus, and improved visual acuities. One to three months ...

Extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implant under local anaesthesia consisting of amethocaine drops followed by a simple subconjunctival injection in the upper part of the globe but without a retrobulbar injection was carried out in 175 eyes of 165 patients. The purpose of the study was to establish the feasibility of this type of anaesthesia in cataract surgery with the principal objec...