this study was conducted in order to investigate the influence of plastic deformation on the transformation of retained austenite in a trip steel with a high content of al and a low content of si. to the aim, appropriate treatments were used to produce the starting material (trip steel). the microstructure of the obtained steel was composed of bainite and phases including ferrite and retained a...

PURPOSE To present our experience and discuss the various endourological approaches for treating forgotten encrusted ureteral stents associated with stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2006 to December 2008, 14 patients (11 men and 3 women) with encrusted ureteral stents were analyzed. The average indwelling time of the stent was 4.9 years (range 1 to 12). Plain-film radiography ...

CALCULI in the common bile duct are extremely common. Although such stones are overlooked at operation in only about 5 per cent of cases, the frequency of gall stone surgery means that there are many patients with retained stones.' Stones may rarely form within the biliary system after cholecystectomy. Removal of retained or reformed stones is important because of their morbid potential-cholang...

Ureteral stents and nephrostomy tubes have been used extensively in urology. Attendant to their use are their associated morbidities, such as pain, infection, and encrustation. We review the literature on the subject of the encrusted stents and drainage catheters, discuss the risk factors for encrustation, and describe the endourologic evaluation and management of these encrusted and retained u...

Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common digestive diseases leading to frequent hospital visits and its prevalence shows ethnic variability, with rates approximately 10-15% in United States Europe. The present study aims prospectively assess outcomes open side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy management choledocholithiasis. Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational was...

  Long-term complications of retained war fragments in the body are not completely known. Also, bullet migration and slow resorption of metals and distortion in some imaging modalities are frequent and well recognized complications but, now we are concerned about neoplastic changes near the retained war fragments. We reviewed the literature on complication of retained war fragments and report o...

long-term complications of retained war fragments in the body are not completely known. also, bullet migration and slow resorption of metals and distortion in some imaging modalities are frequent and well recognized complications but, now we are concerned about neoplastic changes near the retained war fragments. we reviewed the literature on complication of retained war fragments and report our...