The last two chapters showed how behavior in a range of situations, from fixed-interval schedules, through the radial maze to conditioning experiments with rats and bees, appears to be guided by the animal’s representation of its world, together with principles of Bayesian inference. Studies of classical conditioning illustrate the way these inference principles allow the animal to incorporate ...

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is frequently used when sampling hard-to-reach and/or stigmatized communities. RDS utilizes a peer-driven recruitment mechanism where sampled individuals pass on participation coupons to at most c of their acquaintances in the community (c = 3 being a common choice), who then in turn pass on to their acquaintances if they choose to participate, and so on. This p...

Abstract. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a commonly used method for acquiring data on hidden communities, i.e., those that lack unbiased sampling frames or face social stigmas that make their members unwilling to identify themselves. Obtaining accurate statistical data about such communities is important because, for instance, they often have different health burdens from the greater popul...