OBJECTIVES To assess the respiratory health effect of city ambient air pollutants on transit and non-transit workers and compare such effects by transportation mode, occupational exposure and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. DESIGN Cross-sectional, randomised survey. SETTING A two primary healthcare centre survey in 2009/2010 in Uyo metropolis, South-South Nigeria. PARTIC...

Introduction: The risk of morbidity and mortality increases in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Various factors contribute to the prognosis of these newborns. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of mode of delivery on short-term neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 215 neonates admitted to the NICU of Shohada-e-T...

University College London, London, UK Respiratory motion during PET acquisitions can cause image artefacts, with sharpness and tracer quantification adversely affected due to count ‘smearing’. Motion correction by registration of PET gates becomes increasingly difficult with shorter scan times and less counts. The advent of simultaneous PET/MRI scanners allows the use of high spatial resolution...

In Emission Tomography imaging, respiratory motion causes artifacts in lungs and cardiac reconstructed images, which lead to misinterpretations and imprecise diagnosis. Solutions like respiratory gating, correlated dynamic PET techniques, list-mode data based techniques and others have been tested with improvements over the spatial activity distribution in lungs lesions, but with the disadvanta...

Previous studies have reported that the spontaneous, resting-state time course of the default-mode network is negatively correlated with that of the "task-positive network", a collection of regions commonly recruited in demanding cognitive tasks. However, all studies of negative correlations between the default-mode and task-positive networks have employed some form of normalization or regressi...

BACKGROUND Patient-ventilator asynchrony is a common problem in mechanically ventilated patients; the problem is especially obvious in COPD. Neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) can improve patient-ventilator asynchrony; however, the effect in COPD patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation is still unknown. The goals of this study are to evaluate the effect of NAVA and conventional...

Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing priorities because laboratory resources are limited and the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and predictive screening tools to select more potentially hazardous chemicals for i...

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) refers to sleep-related hypoventilation with repetitive episodes of complete and partial obstructions of the upper airway. 1 Some fi nesse is required to determine the appropriate ventilator settings to prevent such episodes, which can alter the effi cacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). In a recent article in CHEST (January 2013), Cont...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a new mode of ventilation (pressure-regulated volume control; PRVC) is associated with improvements in respiratory mechanics and outcome when compared with conventional volume control (VC) ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. We conducted a randomised, prospective, open, cross over trial on 44 patients with acu...

the recently emerged middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in the middle east region in 2012. the virus is phylogenetically related to bat cov, but other animal species like camels and goats may potentially act as an intermediate host by spreading the virus to humans. this virus is thought to cause a severe disease in patients with underlying comorbidities. laboratory ...