nowadays, several non-automatic or semi-automatic software architecture evaluation methods have been proposed to evaluate their quality attributes as availability. In spite of their applicability, they are not effective in self-adaptive software architectures due to their off-line properties; e.g., scenario-based methods. Since the architectural tactics provide a bridge between architectural de...

Supreme Court confirmation is an exhaustively studied phenomenon, but lower court confirmation is less well understood, in part because lower court nominees are very rarely rejected, and the Senate fails even to hold a recorded vote for most appointees. However, the length of time it takes to fill a judicial vacancy serves as alternate evidence of conflict between the president and the Senate. ...

Do people from disadvantaged ethnic groups favor political violence over non-violent tactics? Studies of horizontal (between-group) inequality often concentrate on civil war. This article drills below the macro level and looks beyond war, to investigate individual participation in various types conflict. Different combinations disadvantage different kinds conflict, because opportunity structure...

Contrary to conventional wisdom, environmental scarcity is not always a trigger of political violence. In fact, political violence may be more prevalent in times of environmental abundance, when there are more resources and opportunities for violent tactics—and more incentive to engage in such actions. Much of the research on climate change and conflict has focused on Africa. However, the clima...