The toric residue is a map depending on n + 1 divisors on a complete toric variety of dimension n . It appears in a variety of contexts such as sparse polynomial systems, mirror symmetry, and GKZ hypergeometric functions. In this paper we investigate the problem of finding an explicit element whose toric residue is equal to one. Such an element is shown to exist if and only if the associated po...

Bacterial communities are important not only in the cycling of organic compounds but also in maintaining ecosystems. Specific bacterial groups can be affected as a result of changes in environmental conditions caused by human activities, such as agricultural practices. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different forms of tillage and residue management on soil bacterial communi...

In this paper, a decoding method is proposed for the (41, 21, 9) quadratic residue code. The method is acquired through applying the condition of the modified Gao’s algorithm that is similar to fast transform decoding developed by Shiozaki [8]. The property of the syndrome polynomial is used in our decoding method. The new algorithm for has been verified by a software simulation using C languag...

In general, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) are considered nonpests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], but changes in soil conservation practices have shifted the pest status of this organism from an opportunistic to a perennial, early-season pest in parts of central Kansas. As a result, soybean producers that rotate with corn (Zea mays L.) under conservation tillage practices have resort...

Many eastern Arkansas producers who typically grow soybean (Glycine max L.) in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean double-crop system choose to burn wheat residue immediately after harvest as a means of seedbed preparation. Burning residue adds a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and prevents the return of much needed carbon (C) to the soil. Alternative wheat-resi...

High variability due to soil heterogeneity and climatic conditions challenge measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as influenced by management practices in the field. To reduce this variability, we examined the effect of management practices on CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes and soil temperature and water content from July to November, 2011 in a greenhouse. Treatments were incomplete combinat...

This study provides a spatially comprehensive assessment of sustainable agricultural residue removal potential across the United States for bioenergy production. Earlier assessments determining the quantity of agricultural residue that could be sustainably removed for bioenergy production at the regional and national scale faced a number of computational limitations. These limitations included ...