A 21 ac, 28-yr-old water oak (Quercus nigra L.)plantation, on an old-field loessial site in north Louisiana, was subjected to three thinning treatments during the winter of 1987-1988: (I) no thinning, (2) light thinning to 180 dominant and codominant trees/at, and (3) heavy thinning to 90 dominant and codominant trees/at. Prior to thinning, the plantation averaged 356 trees/at and 86@/ac of bas...

in this paper, using generalized {polya} urn models we find the expected value of the size of a branch in recursive $k$-ary trees. we also find the expectation of the number of nodes of a given outdegree in a branch of such trees.

This paper reviews P´olya urn models and their connection to random trees. Basic results are presented, together with proofs that underly the historical evolution of the accompanying thought process. Extensions and generalizations are given according to chronology: • P´olya-Eggenberger’s urn • Bernard Friedman’s urn • Generalized P´olya urns • Extended urn schemes • Invertible urn schemes ...

The material properties of green wood in the shaft vital trees differ significantly from generally known technically processed, dried wood. Furthermore, completely different residual stresses and fracture mechanisms are present natural full cross-section [1]. also depend on tree species. Our work focuses european beech (Fagus sylvatica). A large number experiments small test specimens [2]. We b...

We compared indices of total hard mast production (oak and hickory combined) in 20, secondgrowth, pine-hardwood stands under five treatments to determine the effects of different reproduction treatments on mast production in the Ouachita Mountains. We evaluated mast production in mature unharvested controls and stands under four reproduction cutting methods (single-tree selection, group selecti...

Managing multiple forest insect pests and diseases is challenging. For example, in eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus ) stands whereas partial shading high seedling density encouraged to reduce damage by blister rust Cronartium ribicola weevil Pissodes strobi ), dense conditions the understory may increase foliar such as brown spot needle blight Lecanosticta acicola Caliciopsis canker pinea ). ...

Energy is one of the most important items to determine the network lifetime due to low power energy nodes included in the network. Generally, data aggregation tree concept is used to find an energy efficient solution. However, even the best aggregation tree does not share the load of data packets to the transmitting nodes fairly while it is consuming the lowest possible energy of the network. T...

A fundamental problem in ecology is forecasting how species will react to major disturbances. As the climate warms, large, frequent, and severe fires are restructuring forested landscapes at large spatial scales, with unknown impacts on imperilled predators. We use the United States federally Threatened Canada lynx as a case study to examine how predators navigate recent large burns, with parti...

Over the past few decades, reports of forest health problems have concerned scientists and forest managers in loblolly pine forests of the southeastern United States. Several interacting factors likely contribute to observed reductions in loblolly pine health, including low resource availability on many upland sites that were once dominated by longleaf pine. Currently, land managers are interes...

We study orderings £S on reductions in the style of Lévy reflecting the growth of information w.r.t. (super)stable sets S of ‘values’ (such as head-normal forms or Böhm-trees). We show that sets of co-initial reductions ordered by £S form finitary ω-algebraic complete lattices, and hence form computation and Scott domains. As a consequence, we obtain a relativized version of the computational s...