In this work, we tried to automatically optimize the cost of the concrete segmental lining used as a support system in the case study of Mashhad Urban Railway Line 2 located in NE Iran. Two meta-heuristic optimization methods including particle swarm optimization (PSO) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) were presented. The penalty function was used for unfeasible solutions, and the seg...

AIM Aim of this study was to compare class II composite restoration using flowable composites as lining with various thickness and curing techniques by evaluating cervical marginal microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty intact molars, each prepared with two box-only class II cavities, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, P60 filling alone; group II, ultrathin flowable composite...

tehran shomal highway passes through alborz mountains with a tunnel length of 6400 meters. there are two main tunnels. a full three-dimensional (3d) numerical analysis coupled with elasto-plastic material models was conducted on the inclined access tunnel. bending moment, axial force and the lining displacements due to the internal forces applied on the shotcrete lining are calculated. axial fo...