A periphery transversal of a median graph G is introduced as a set of vertices that meets all the peripheral subgraphs of G. Using this concept, median graphs with geodetic number 2 are characterized in two ways. They are precisely the median graphs that contain a periphery transversal of order 2 as well as the median graphs for which there exists a profile such that the remoteness function is ...

Technical progress can be expected to reduce transport costs over time, yet most studies of bilateral trade based on the gravity model find distance effects to be increasing rather than decreasing. We investigate countries’ openness to international trade (the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP). We find that trade decreases with geographical remoteness, land area, and lack of access to the s...

BACKGROUND International studies examining the association between the incidence of childhood cancer and characteristics of the area in which the patient lives have generally reported inconsistent patterns. Area-based differentials in childhood cancer throughout Australia have not been previously published at a national level. PROCEDURE Population-based information from the Australian Paediat...

BACKGROUND It is not known whether improvements in cancer survival over recent decades have benefited children from different geographic locations equally. This is the first study to produce national survival estimates for childhood cancer in Australia by remoteness of residence and area-based socioeconomic status. METHODS The study utilized population-based data from the Australian Paediatri...

Deictic time words (e.g., “tomorrow,” “yesterday”) refer to time periods relative to the present moment. While children produce these words by age 2-3, they use them incorrectly for several more years. Here, as a case study in abstract word learning, we explored what children know about these words during this delay. Specifically, we probed children’s knowledge of three aspects of meaning: deic...

Autobiographical memories enable us to mentally reconstruct and relive past events, which is essential for one's personal identity. Unfortunately, this complex memory system is susceptible to age-related deterioration, possibly changing the way episodic information is being processed in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether age influences the neural activity associated ...

A periphery transversal of a median graph G is introduced as a set of vertices that meets all the peripheral subgraphs of G. Using this concept, median graphs with geodetic number 2 are characterized in two ways. They are precisely the median graphs that contain a periphery transversal of order 2 as well as the median graphs for which there exists a profile such that the remoteness function is ...